Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Power Point Presentation to accompany Visualizing Technology, by Debra Geoghan. Chapter 5 System Software Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objectives Explain what an operating system does. Compare the most common stand-alone operating systems. Compare specialized operating systems. Compare the most common network operating systems. List and explain important disk utility software. Identify the certifications and careers related to system software. This chapter discusses operating systems. The chapter objectives are: Explain what an operating system does. Compare the most common stand-alone operating systems. Compare specialized operating systems. Compare the most common network operating systems. List and explain important disk utility software. Identify the certifications and careers related to system software. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Who’s Being Bossy Now? Discuss the job of the operating system Discuss how the OS manages and controls hardware Discuss how the OS interacts with software This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages, controls hardware and interacts with software. API (application programming interface) Device driver GUI (graphical user interface) Multitasking OS (operating system) PnP (Plug and Play) System software Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System (OS) Software that makes the computer run is system software. The operating system (OS) is the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the Interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manages system resources A computer cannot run without an operating system. The operating system, often called the OS, is the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manage system resources. A computer cannot run without an operating system installed. Windows 8 interface Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System Provides graphical user interface (GUI) Manages resources (multitasking) Manage and controls hardware (PnP) Interacts with software (API) Modern operating systems have a graphical user interface (GUI). A GUI allows users to point and click to initiate various commands. The operating system manages the allocation of resources within the processor and memory. Multitasking is a key feature of modern operating systems. Today’s operating systems control a large number of peripheral devices. An OS communicates with hardware by means of device drivers. Plug and Play (PnP) allows you to add hardware on your system. The OS interacts directly with the software you install, giving it the resources needed to run. The application programming interface (API) allows an application to request services from the operating system, such as a request to print or save a file. An API lets a computer programmer write a program that will run on computers with different hardware configurations by sending such service requests to the OS to handle. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System (OS) Provides User Interface The user interface is the part of the operating system that you see and interact with. Modern operating systems (Windows, Linux, MAC OS X) have a graphical user interface (GUI). Graphical because we interact with graphic objects such as icons and buttons to control the computer, a GUI allows a user to point and to click on objects to initiate commands. The operating system, often called the OS, is the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manage system resources. A computer cannot run without an operating system installed. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System (OS) Provides User Interface Older operating systems used a command-line interface, which required the user to type out all commands. The Microsoft user interface changed from command-line to GUI in the 1980s. This change made PCs more user-friendly, which helped them increase in popularity. The operating system, often called the OS, is the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manage system resources. A computer cannot run without an operating system installed. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System (OS) Provides User Interface A similar evolution occurred in the Apple systems. In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft for copyright infringement. The case was later dismissed. All user interfaces serve the same basic function: to allow the user to control the computer, The operating system, often called the OS, is the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manage system resources. A computer cannot run without an operating system installed. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Operating System Manages Resources
The resources on your system include the processor and the memory. The operating system has the important job of managing how these resources are allocated to both hardware and software. The operating system makes sure that each process is allocated its own memory and manages the instructions that are sent to the processor. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Operating System Manages Resources
Modern operating systems support multitasking – the ability to do more than one task at a time. A single processor can’t actually do more than one thing at a time but switches between the tasks so quickly that it’s transparent to the user. Each running application is assigned its own area of memory and is prevented from accessing the memory area of other programs. This prevents a program crash from affecting other processes running in other areas of memory. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Operating System Manages and Controls Hardware
The operating system manages and controls the hardware. Early PCs were simple devices that had limited hardware: A keyboard, a monochrome monitor, a disk drive, and not much else. Today, we have a wide variety of peripheral devices, including printers, scanners, cameras, media players, video and sound cards, and storage devices. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Windows 95 introduced a feature known as Plug and Play (PnP). Allows you to easily add new hardware to a computer system. When you plug in a new piece of hardware, the OS detects it and helps you set it up. An OS communicates with hardware by means of a device driver which acts like a translator between the two. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

A device driver is software that enhances the capabilities of the operating system. It’s what allows you to expand your computer with new hardware. If it were not for device drivers, there would be no way for you to install new hardware on your system. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

When you first connect the hardware, Windows detects it and informs you that it’s installing the device driver software. If Windows cannot locate the device driver, it asks you for permission to search the Web or instructs you to insert the manufacturer’s disc. The message Device Driver Software Installed Successfully indicates your new hardware is now ready to use. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Operating System Interacts With Software
The OS on a computer interacts directly with the software you install, giving it access to resources it needs to run. This happens through the use of an application programming interface (API) which allows the application to request services from the operating system. A request to print or save a file. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Operating System Interacts With Software
An API lets a programmer write a program that will run on computers with different hardware configurations by sending such service requests to the OS to handle. An operating system manages interactions between the user, the software, and the hardware of a computer. These critical functions make the computer more user-friendly, flexible, and expandable. The OS is the most important piece of software on the computer because, without it, the computer won’t run at all. This chapter discusses the job of the operating system and how the OS manages and controls hardware and interacts with software. <#>

Which operating system is on your computer? Is it the latest version? If you have not upgraded, why not? If you could change the OS, would you? Which OS would you use instead? Which operating system is on your computer? Is it the latest version? If you have not upgraded, why not? If you could change the OS, would you? Which OS would you use instead? Responses may vary, yet should look something like the following: The version my system is running is Windows 7. I have recently purchased a new laptop and it came preinstalled. I am happy with my OS, as it is much better than my previous computer that was running Windows XP. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Running the Show on Personal Computers List the three major operating systems found on PCs today: Windows, Mac OS X, Linux Discuss the characteristics of the Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux operating systems This objective discusses the characteristics of operating systems found on PCs today. Beta version Linux Mac OS X Microsoft Windows Open source Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Stand-Alone Operating Systems
Windows Mac OS X Linux The most popular operating systems used today are Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows
The most common OS is Microsoft Windows. The current version is Windows 10, although you’ll still find many computers running previous versions of Windows – Windows 7 or 8.1. About 90% of PCs are running a version of Windows. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Windows XP was released in 2001 and was still the most widely used OS in the world in 2010. Sales of Windows XP ended in 2008. All Microsoft support for Windows XP ended in 2014. Windows Vista was released in 2006 (2007 to consumers) but was met with much resistance from both the public and business customers. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The hardware requirements to install Vista were much more stringent than those for XP, so it would not run on many older systems. In addition software and device driver compatibility were problematic when Vista was first released, adding to the cost of upgrading. Windows 7 was greeted much more favorably, and both home and business users that were still using XP began to upgrade to it. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Since its release in 2008 (2009 to consumers), Windows 7 has been steadily gaining, and the number of PCs running XP and Vista has been declining. In 2013, nearly one half of PCs were running Windows 7. In 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8, updated to Windows 8.1 in 2013. Windows 10 was released in 2015 as a free upgrade for Windows 7 and 8 systems. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Windows 95 Introduced PnP Windows 98 IE and multimedia capabilities Windows XP Increased stability Windows Vista Gadgets and new interface Windows 7 Redesigned taskbar and multi-touch technology Windows 95 introduced Plug and Play. Windows 98 included Internet Explorer and advanced multimedia capabilities. Windows XP increased stability, and introduced simple Internet and networking connectivity. Windows Vista added Gadgets and enhanced features with a new interface. Windows 7 was further improved with a redesigned taskbar and multi-touch technology. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Each release of Windows added new features and security measures and was designed to be easier to use, more secure, and able to incorporate new technologies. Windows 95: Introduced Plug and Play (PnP); Enhanced support for CD-ROMS: The right mouse click. Windows 98: Included Internet Explorer; Better PnP support; More multimedia features. Windows XP: Introduced a new interface; Automatic updates; Easier networking and Internet connectivity; Increased reliability. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Windows Vista: Introduced a new interface; Gadgets: Enhanced networking; Entertainment; Accessibility features. Windows 7 included: A redesigned taskbar; New ways to manipulate windows; Remote Media Streaming; Windows Touch multi-touch technology. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Windows 8 introduced: A totally new interface that uses a Start Screen with Live Tiles instead of a Start menu to access applications. Also integrates your computer with the cloud through Onedrive and third party apps. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Restores the Start button that Users missed with Windows 8, while keeping the Live Tiles from the Start screen; A new browser, Edge, replaces the tired Internet Explorer; A virtul assistant – Cortana – a feature on Windows phones, is now a part of the desktop OS. Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system, with 90% of PCs today running a version of Windows. Since its release to consumers in 2009, Windows 7 is steadily replacing older versions of the Windows OS. Windows 8 is Microsoft’s most recent OS offering. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Windows 8 Interface Tiles
Windows 8 represents a fundamental shift in the way Windows works and is far more touchscreen-orientated for use on tablets as well as traditional PCs. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Mac/Apple
Macintosh introduced in 1984 System 7 Updated GUI Mac OS 8 New interface and Internet browsing Mac OS 9 Wireless support, today known as Mac Classic Mac OS X Also known as Snow Leopard Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion faster, more reliable, easy to use Apple introduced the Macintosh in 1984, utilizing the System 1 operating system. Apple continued to update the operating system by improving stability and hardware support between 1984 and System 7 was released with an updated GUI, multitasking support, built-in networking, improved hardware, and memory management. Beginning with version 7.6, the name was changed to Mac OS. Mac OS 8 featured a new interface and Internet browsing. Mac OS 9 had improved wireless support and today is known as Mac Classic. Mac OS X 10.0, also known as Cheetah, was an entirely new operating system. Each new version included more integrated applications for , chat, Internet, and multimedia. The current version, Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, is faster, more reliable, and easier to use, replaced the Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

In 1984, Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer, which had a GUI interface. The OS at the time was called Mac System Software. New versions and updates that improved stability and hardware support were released between 1984 and 1991. Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

System 7 was released in 1991 with: An updated GUI; Multitasking support; Built-in networking; Better hardware and memory management; New applications. Beginning with Version 7.6, the name was changed to Mac OS. Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Mac OS 8 was released in 1997 and included: A new interface; A better file system, searching, and Internet browsing. Mac OS 9 had: Improved wireless networking support; A better search tool; The ability to be updated over the Internet Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Mac OS 9 is referred to today as Mac Classic. The OS X operating system was first released in 2001 as Mac OS X 10.0, also called Cheetah. This OS wasn’t an updated version of the classic Mac OS but was an entirely new operating system based on UNIX. Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Early versions of OS X included a Mac OS 9 emulation to run older applications. Cheetah introduced iMovie and iTunes. Puma added iDVD. Each new version included more integrated applications for , chat, Internet, and multimedia. Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The current version – OS X Yosemite – is faster, more reliable, and easier to use. The interface has been updated and includes: The Time Machine backup utility; Better file sharing and networking capabilities; Exceptional multimedia applications. Apple introduced its first Macintosh computer in This system introduced the graphical user interface (GUI). Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion Includes iCloud Features
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion borrows popular iPad messaging app and iCloud features. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Stand-Alone Operating Systems Linux
Unlike Windows and Mac, Linux doesn’t refer to a single operating system but rather many different versions (distributions) that use the same kernel or core OS: Linux. Linux was first developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, then a graduate student at the University of Helsinki. It was designed to be similar to Unix; A multiuser OS developed in the 1970s that is still used on servers and some specialized workstations. Linux is open source. The code is publicly available, and developers all over the world have created hundreds of Linux distributions (distros) with all kinds of features. Distros include the OS, various utilities, and software applications, such as Internet browsers, games, entertainment software, and an office suite. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Two popular personal versions of Linux are Fedora and Ubuntu. Most Linux distros come with a GUI that’s similar to a Windows or OS X, and users can easily navigate through the system. Linux desktops make up a very small percentage of personal computers, but the number is growing. On machines with limited memory and processing power, Linux shines. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

In businesses, Linux has a very small market share of desktop computers (less than 2%), but it has a larger share of the server market. Red Hat enterprise Linux is the world’s leading open source application platform. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

When new software is being developed, it is often released kin preview of beta versions. A beta version of a program is a pre-release version that is provided to some users and developers to preview and test before the final version is released. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

In 2009, Google released a prerelease (beta version) of its Chrome OS: “Chromium OS is an open source project that aims to provide a fast, simple, and more secure computing experience for people who spend most of their time on the web.” In 2011, several manufacturers began shipping Chromebooks – notebooks that run the Chrome OS. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

These notebooks are designed to work best when connected to the Internet, and they rely on Web apps and cloud storage rather than traditional software. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Configuring Your Operating System
A desktop OS has features that you can configure to make your system more secure, more efficient, and more personalized. On a Windows 10 computer, the settings can be changed through the Settings app or the Control Panel. On a Windows 8.1 computer, the settings can be changed through PC settings, the Control Panel, or the Settings charm. In OS X, most settings are changed through System Preferences. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The Windows 10 Settings Window enables you to change many common settings on your system. It helps you to configure user accounts, privacy settings, and accessibility settings. You can make changes to the following settings: System Devices Network and Internet Personalization Accounts Time & Language Ease of Access Privacy Update and Security Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The Control Panel gives you access to even more options to configure, monitor, or troubleshoot settings, hardware, and software There is a control panel in every recent version of Windows. Most of the settings in the Settings Window are also accessible in Control Panel, however, Control Panel includes many more advanced settings. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

System Preferences in OS X are grouped into rows. You can: Configure hardware settings Manage user accounts Customize the way your computer looks and responds. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Create a separate user account for each person that shares a device, which grants each user access to the system and enables you to keep your files private and set restrictions on what other users can do. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

There are four types of user accounts: Standard Account: For everyday computing; Can Modify settings that affect the user account only. Child Account: A Windows standard account that has Family Safety turned on by default (not available in every version of Windows); On a Mac this is called Managed with Parental Controls Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Administrator Account: For making global changes; Installing software; Configuring settings; Called Admin on a Mac, Guest Account: For users who need temporary access to a system. Linux OS software is open source operating system software. Open source is software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

MS Windows is the primary OS installed on new PCs. Some manufacturers sell Linux computers. Use the Internet to research the versions of Linux currently available preinstalled on new PCs. List your findings charting five sites. Include the manufacturer and/or website and the Linux distro preinstalled. MS Windows is the primary OS installed on new PCs. Some manufacturers sell Linux computers. Use the Internet to research the versions of Linux currently available preinstalled on new PCs. List your findings charting five sites. Include the manufacturer and/or website and the Linux distro preinstalled. Responses may vary, yet should look something like the following: Manu/Website Linux Distro Linux Certified Fedora or Ubuntu s System76 Ubunto Dell Ubunto LinPC PCLinuxOS Think Penguin Ubunto Zareason Customize Eight Virtues Ubunto Frostbite Systems Debian, Fedora, Linux Mint, openSUSE, Gnome Linux Emporium Ubunto Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

3 Something Special for You List and discuss embedded operating systems and how they work Discuss Web operating systems and how they work This objective lists and discusses embedded and Web operating systems and how they work. Embedded operating system Web OS Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Specialized Operating Systems
Embedded operating systems have specialized and limited functions. These OSs can be very small and are able to run on simple hardware. Set-Top cable boxes GPS devices ATMs Smartphones Other devices An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The Windows Embedded OS has been around since 1996. It can be found on many devices from set-top cable boxes and GPS devices to complex industrial automation controllers and medical devices. The advantage to using an embedded version of Windows is that users recognize the familiar interface. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets run embedded mobile operating systems. These are more full-featured than the versions on devices such as GPS and cable boxes. Windows Phone is based on Windows Embedded CE version and can be found on many smartphones. It first introduced us to the Metro interface. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch run iOS, a scaled-down version of Mac OS X that uses direct manipulation and multi-gesture touch such as swipe, tap, and pinch to control it. Android is an embedded version of Linux that runs on many phones and tablets. Blackberry OS runs on smartphones from Research in Motion. These small operating systems have similar interfaces and features, including touch-screen support, , and Web browsers. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

As we have become more dependent on our mobile devices, these mobile OSs have become more full-featured and easier to use. The newer versions of desktop operating systems have even begun to look more like their mobile cousins. As technology becomes more mobile, smaller, faster, and less tethered to the desk, alternative operating systems become an important way for us to interface with our files and applications. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Symbian BlackBerry OS Apple iOS/ Mac OS X MS Windows Phone Google Android Phone Smartphones have embedded operating systems, and each operating system has unique features. Symbian is proprietary, with a global market share, and recently became open source. The BlackBerry operating system is proprietary and is the standard for business users. The Apple iOS is proprietary and found only on iPhones. Microsoft Windows Phone is based on the Windows Embedded CE. The Google Android has a Linux kernel. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Specialized Operating Systems Web Operating System
A virtual desktop Does not handle the hardware functions Does not require installing software on your PC Also known as the cloud A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that you interact with through your Web browser. As long as you have access to a computer and an Internet connection, you have access to your documents, pictures, contacts, and other files. Keep in mind that a Web operating system does not handle hardware functions like a true operating system. Another popular term for Web OS is the cloud. A Web OS does not require you to install any software on your computer. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

What’s the embedded OS on your favorite mobile device? What are some of the features that you like about it? Are there any features that are missing? What features do you (or would you) use the most often? What’s the embedded OS on your favorite mobile device? What are some of the features that you like about it? Are there any features that are missing? What features do you (or would you) use the most often? The embedded OS on my favorite handheld device is Apple OS on my iPad. The features I like are the security and reliability. The only feature that I miss is that Apple does not support Flash. I use the Internet feature the most to browse the Web, and check . Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The NOS Knows Discuss the four major network operating systems: Windows Server, Linux, UNIX, and Novell Discuss the characteristics of the Windows Server OS Discuss the characteristics of the UNIX OS Discuss the characteristics of the Novell OS This objective discusses the four major network operating systems: Windows Server, Linux, UNIX, Novell and their characteristics. NOS (network operating system) Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Operating Systems Network Servers
Centralizes: Resources Storage Security Run a specialized operating system: Network operating system Windows Server Linux Unix Novell A network server centralizes resources, storage, and security in a client-server network. Network servers run a specialized operating system called a network operating system. Examples of NOS are Windows Server, Linux, Unix, and Novell. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Operating Systems
In a business or school environment, a network server centralizes resources, storage, and, most importantly, security in what is known as a client-server network. A network that has at least one server at its center. These servers run a specialized operating system called a network operating system. A network operating system (NOS) is a multiuser operating system that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

It allows multiple computers (clients) to communicate with the server and each other to share resources, run applications, and send messages. A NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as: File and print services; Communication services; Internet and servicers; Backup and database services. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Your school network is most likely a client-server network. When you log into the network, you’re given access to certain resources, such as printers and file storage. Centralized resources and security make a network operating system indispensable in a business setting. When a client logs in to a network, the appropriate resources appear in the client’s environment. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

At home, the network you set up is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) that doesn’t require a NOS. While your personal operating system has networking features, the files and services that are shared between your home computers aren’t centralized. A NOS provides important security and resource management in a business environment. Without a NOS, businesses would have to rely on peer-to-peer networks, which are just not practical for more than a few computers. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

The one area of NOS usage that can be easily monitored is activity on Web servers. Netcraft.com does a monthly survey of Web servers. Go to netcraft.com and look at the current report. What are the three most popular Web servers for this month? How much has changed in the past month? Are there any servers not mentioned in this chapter? The one area of NOS usage that can be easily monitored is activity on Web servers. Netcraft.com does a monthly survey of Web servers. Go to netcraft.com and look at the current report. What are the three most popular Web servers for this month? How much has changed in the past month? Are there any servers not mentioned in this chapter? Responses may vary, yet should look something like the following: Developer September 2012 October 2012 Change Apache 362,714, ,875, Microsoft 97,368, ,005, Nginx 73,976, ,243, Google 21,576, ,947, Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

5 Utilities You Should Use Discuss the importance of using utilities List and discuss the Windows OS utilities This objective discusses the importance of using utilities and the characteristics of the Windows operating system utilities. Defragmenter File fragmentation File system Format Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software System software isn’t just the operating system. Utility software helps you maintain your computer and is also considered system software. An embedded operating system is a specialized OS that runs GPS devices, ATMs, smartphones, and other devices. A Web operating system is a virtual desktop that can be accessed using a Web browser. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Why Use Utilities?
Hard disk drives are very large and hold a lot of information It is important to keep your disks healthy Keep your system running efficiently Protects your files Hard disk drives today are very large and can hold a lot of information. It is important to keep your disks healthy to keep your system running efficiently and to protect your files. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software How Data Is Stored
When a disk is first formatted to hold files, a set of concentric circles (tracks) are created. The disk is then divided up into sectors. The files you save to your disk are stored in these sectors (clusters). This physical low-level formatting occurs when the disk is manufactured. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software How Data Is Stored
The second part of formatting a disk is called high-level formatting. High-level formatting sets up the file system of the disk. When you save files to the disk, the file system keeps track of what you saved and where you saved it. The file system used on hard disks in Windows is the NTFS file system. External disks or those from older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Windows Disk Utilities: Check Disk Optimize Disks Disk Cleanup Backup OS X Disk Utility Windows includes disk utilities to help maintain your computer. Disk checking utilities monitor the health of the file system on a disk. Your disk might become cluttered as time goes by. Files that are fragmented are broken into small pieces and stored in nonadjacent or noncontiguous clusters on the disk. This is referred to as file fragmentation. The Optimize Disks tool arranges the fragmented files to improve efficiency. Disk Cleanup looks for files that can be safely deleted to free up disk space. Backing up refers to making copies of data so that these additional copies can be used to restore the original after a data loss event. We discussed backing up files in Chapter 3. OS X comes with Disk Utility. You can access it from the Utilities folder in the Launcher. You can use this utility to get information about the disks on your computer and to verify and repair a disk with which you are having trouble. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Windows includes several disk utilities to help you maintain your disks. Check Disk; Optimize Drives; Disk Cleanup. To open these tools: Open the File Explorer; Right-click on the disk you want to work with; Click Properties to open the Properties dialog box for the disk. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Disk Checking utilities monitor the health of the file system on a disk. To check a disk for errors in Windows: Click the Tools tab in the Properties dialog box and then click Check. OS X comes with Disk Utility. You access it from the Utilities folder in the Launchpad. You can use this utility to get information about the disks on your computer and to verify and repair a disk you’re having trouble with. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Optimize Drives – Over time, the disk can become messy as files are created, edited, saved, and deleted. In addition to being unorganized, files that are fragmented are broken into small pieces that are stored in nonadjacent or noncontiguous clusters on the disk. This is referred to as file fragmentation. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software A disk defragmenter is a utility that rearranges the fragmented files on your disk to improve efficiency. You should not run a defragmenter on a solid-state drive (SSD). Windows 8 comes with a built-in utility (Windows Optimize Drives Utility) to optimize and defragment drives that runs automatically on a weekly basis. You can also run it manually if you need to. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Microsoft recommends that you defragment a drive that’s more than 10% fragmented. Like the Disk Check utility, the Optimize Drives utility can be accessed from the Tools tab of the Disk’s Properties dialog box. Mac OS X’s HFS+ file system has some safeguards against fragmentation. OS X does not include a defragmenter utility, although there are third-party tools you can use. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Disk Cleanup –A disk cleanup utility looks for files that can be safely deleted to free up disk space so you have more space to store your files and to help keep your system running efficiently. The Windows Disk Cleanup utility is on the General tab of the disk’s Properties dialog box. Click the Disk Cleanup to begin. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software During the first part of the process, the disk is analyzed and the results can be reviewed by the user. When you click on each file type listed, a description of these files displays. You should read each description carefully to help you decide which files you can delete safely. To proceed with the cleanup, click OK. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Utility Software Macs have daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance scripts that run automatically overnight. The utilities discussed here are included with Windows and Mac; however, there are also third-party versions available. The important thing is to remember to use them. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Security Software Security software such as firewalls, antivirus software, and antispyware software, is also considered utility software. Firewall software blocks unauthorized access to a computer. Both Windows and OS X include a software firewall, although you have to manually enable it on a Mac. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Security Software Malware is a computer program that’s designed to be harmful or malicious. Viruses, worms and spyware. An antivirus program protects against viruses, Trojan horses, worms and spyware. Antispyware software prevents adware and spyware infections. Windows includes Windows Defender to protect against viruses and spyware. A security suite is a package of security software that includes a combination of features such as antivirus, firewall, and privacy protection. To keep your computer healthy you need to protect your system. A hard disk is divided into sectors that resemble a pie. Files are stored in blocks of these sectors, called clusters. High-level formatting sets up the file system on the disk, like a library catalog. When you save files to your disk, the file system keeps it organized. Windows uses the NTFS file system. Older versions of Windows may be formatted with the FAT file system. The OS X file system is HFS+. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Open the disk properties for your primary hard drive (C). What is the disk file system? What is its capacity? How much disk space is used? Run a Disk Defragmenter analysis. When was the disk last defragmented? What percentage of the disk is currently fragmented? Open the disk properties for your primary hard drive (C). What is the disk file system? What is its capacity? How much disk space is used? Run a Disk Defragmenter analysis. When was the disk last defragmented? What percentage of the disk is currently fragmented? Disk properties of my system: Disk file system: NTFS Capacity: 146 GB Disk space used: 73 GB Disk last defragmented on: run at 6 pm every Wednesday, last run 1/28/2013 Percentage of disk currently fragmented: 76% (Feature available only in Win 7 OS) Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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