1. The insides and outsides of my computer.
Computer Hardware
The insides and outsides of my computer.

2. Hardware vs. Software Hardware Software Physical components
Input/Output devices
Internal components
The programs or instructions that tell the computer what to do
Operating systems
Applications
Programs

3. Operating System Windows Mac OS X Unix
XP, Vista, 7, 8.1, 10
Server 2003, 2008, 2012
Mac OS X
Unix
Linux – Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, etc

4. Application Software Microsoft Office Suite Computer Games
Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Access, Outlook, Publisher
Computer Games
Pinball, Solitaire, Free Cell
Internet Browsers
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome
Picture editing software
Paint, Photoshop

5. Form Factor
Desktop
Laptop
Netbook
Tablet

6. Input/Output Devices
There are many input and output devices such as multifunction printers and computer-based navigations systems that are used for specialized or unique applications. In computing, inout/output refers to the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.

7. Input Devices Mouse Keyboard/Keypad Game Controller Webcam Microphone
Touchscreen
Scanner
Input - To interact with your computer, you need input devices. The most common are a keyboard and a mouse, but there are other devices for more specialized tasks. We’re going to learn about these devices and how they're becoming integrated into single computer systems.
An input device for a computer allows you to enter information. The most fundamental pieces of information are keystrokes on a keyboard and clicks with a mouse. These two input devices are essential for you to interact with your computer. Many other input devices exist for entering other types of information, such as images, audio and video. Input devices represent one type of computer peripheral - the other two types are output devices and storage devices.
 Keep in mind that drives such as a CD-ROM, DVD, Floppy diskette drive, and a USB Flash drive may be capable of sending information to a computer, but they are not input devices, nor are they an output device. They are considered storage devices.

8. Output Devices Monitor Printer Touchscreen Projector Speakers
Headphones
So you've entered information into your computer. How do you get it back out? Here's a look at output devices such as monitors, speakers, printers and eBooks.
An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction. For example, the image shows an inkjet printer, an output device that can make a hard copy of any information shown on your monitor. Another example of an output device is a computer monitor, which displays an image that is received from the computer. Monitors and printers are two of the most common output devices used with a computer.

9. Video.

11. Now let’s go inside…
The internal components of a PC……the “guts!”

12. The Tower
The tower is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer.

13. Inside the Computer
Motherboard (main board) – Large printed circuit board with thousands of electrical circuits.
Power supply – Transforms alternating current (AC) from wall outlets to direct current (DC) needed by the computer.
Cooling fans – Circulates air in the system unit to keep it cool
Internal speaker – Found on the motherboard and used by the operating system for diagnostics and error reporting—the beeps and other mono-tones. Not responsible for playing music, etc.
Central Processing Unit - A microprocessor that interprets and carries out instructions given by software. It controls the computer’s components. It is covered by the heat sink, which serves to keep it cool.
Storage – Hard drive, RAM, and secondary storage.
Graphics and Sound Cards – Expansion cards placed in ports on the motherboard to improve graphic and audio output. 13

14. The Motherboard
The motherboard provides the centralized connection point for the computer’s components
Electrical traces (wires) on the motherboard connect to the chips.
Sockets allow chips or circuit boards to be added or devices to be connected to the motherboard. 14

15. Graphics Card Also known as a video card
 An expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display
The graphics components are the part of your computer that control and enhance how graphics (pictures, videos, programs, animation, 3D) are displayed on your computer screen. Often, the graphics components are on a separate card that plugs into a slot on the motherboard, which is the main part of the computer.

16. Power Supply and Cooling Fan
The power supply is used to give power to all the hardware components on your computer system.
The computer takes energy from your home electrical system and converts 110 to 120 bolts AC power to lower DC voltages.
The power supply contains one of the cooling fans that keep the inside of the computer case cool.

17. The Central Processing Unit: The Microprocessor
CPU
CPU socket
Central processing unit (CPU) – A microprocessor that interprets and carries out instructions given by software. It controls the computer’s components.

18. Memory
Memory is the term used to describe devices that enable the computer to retain information. Program instructions and data are stored in memory chips for quick access by the CPU.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Hard Drive
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Blue Ray and commercial music CD
Flash Memory 18

19. Hard Drive
The Hard Drive is the main storage component on your computer that holds your data files.
Typically holds LARGE amounts of information—250 GB to 3+ TB.
These files include the data used to start your operating system. A hard drive consists of round platters made of aluminum, ceramic or glass.
The platters are coated with an alloy material which read/writes record information on magnetically

20. Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Most often associated with the Hard Drive.
ROM is defined as – A computer memory that does not need to be changed, such as permanent parts of the operating system. –Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms (ninth edition) by Douglas Downing, Ph.D.
When you turn on the computer it loads up from read-only memory (ROM).
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory - CD-ROM
An optical disk containing computer data (like an audio compact disk). CD-ROMs can only be read not recorded on. -Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms (ninth edition) by Douglas Downing, Ph.D.

21. Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of memory that stores information temporarily so that it’s available to the CPU. Typically, RAM will be measured as 2-12 GB.
The more programs open, the slower the computer runs because more RAM is being used and less is available.
RAM is volatile; the memory’s contents are erased when the power is turned off.
Laptops in standby mode keep power to the RAM so the laptop can wakeup and be ready to go without having to boot and load the operating system. 21

22. Random Access Memory (RAM)
The computer loads the operating system (OS) from the hard drive into the system's random access memory (RAM).
Generally, the critical parts of the operating system are maintained in RAM as long as the computer is on. This allows the CPU to have immediate access to the operating system, which enhances the performance and functionality of the overall system
When you open an application, it is loaded into RAM. To conserve RAM usage, many applications load only the essential parts of the program initially and then load other pieces as needed.
When you save a file and close the application, the file is written to the specified storage device, and then it and the application are purged (deleted) from RAM.

24. How ROM and RAM work… ROM RAM CPU
Read-only memory, or ROM, is a form of data storage in computers and other electronic devices that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed. RAM is referred to as volatile memory and is lost when the power is turned off whereas ROM in non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the power is switched off.
Random-access memory, or RAM, is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time, in any order and from any physical location in contrast to other storage devices, such as hard drives, where the physical location of the data determines the time taken to retrieve it. RAM is measured in megabytes and the speed is measured in nanoseconds and RAM chips can read data faster than ROM.
CPU

25. Comparison chart Read-only memory
Random Access Memory
Random Access Memory or RAM is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time, in any order and from any physical location., allowing quick access and manipulation
RAM allows the computer to read data quickly to run applications. It allows reading and writing.
RAM is volatile i.e. its contents are lost when the device is powered off.
The two main types of RAM are static RAM and dynamic RAM.
Read-only memory
Read-only memory or ROM is also a form of data storage that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed. Stores instructions that are not necessary for re-booting up to make the computer operate when it is switched off. They are hardwired.
ROM stores the program required to initially boot the computer. It only allows reading.
It is non-volatile i.e. its contents are retained even when the device is powered off.

26. Secondary Storage Hard Drive (external/internal)
Writable CD-ROMs and DVDs
Flash memory
“Cloud” Drives

27. Need for Secondary Storage Devices
Primary memory is volatile memory –
lose electrical power and this memory loses its contents.
Secondary storage stores data on permanent media that maintain their accuracy and integrity, yet permit access.

28. Secondary Storage Devices
Which of these devices is capable of storing the most data?
CD-ROM disk
DVD disk
USB (flash memory) drive
External hard drive

29. Secondary Storage Devices
d. External Hard Drive holds the most data.

30. Storage Speed

31. Types of Computers

32. https://youtu.be/ceqBD3TCheg

33. The Personal Computer
The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person. While a Mac is a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operating system.

34. The Desktop
A PC that is not designed for portability is a desktop computer. Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.

35. The Laptop
Also called notebooks, laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book.

36. The Netbook
Netbooks are ultra-portable computers that are even smaller than traditional laptops. Costs usually between $300-$500 but are less powerful than regular laptops

37. Personal Device Assistant (PDA)
A tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards but rely on touchscreen technology for user input.
PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback novel, very lightweight with a reasonable battery life.
A slightly larger and heavier version of the PDA is the handheld computer.

38. Workstation Another type of computer is a workstation.
A workstation is simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development.

39. The Server
A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a networks. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives.

40. The Enterprise Server AKA Mainframe
In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room or even a whole floor! The size has diminished but the power has increased. The term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server.

41. The Super Computer
This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are composed of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system.

42. The Wearable Computer
The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially, common computer applications ( , database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated into watches, cell phones, visors and even clothing.

43. How to Take Care of Your Computer

44. Future Technology

45. Heat: Computers Kryptonite
Heat is one of the biggest factors in your computer's performance. Heat plays such an important role, your computer case is specifically designed to keep it cool. When the components in your computer get hot, their performance drops, and your computer runs slower. This is why computer cases are designed to keep your computer cool; but, bad placement of your computer can render the design useless.
If you place your computer so that something blocks one vent or both, (i.e. a wall, cabinet) then cool air can not come in, or hot air will not be allowed out; both of which results in a hotter computer. Also, if your computer is kept in a confined space, the hot air will be blown into the area and stay there; then, hot air will be sucked back into the computer.
Another thing that keeps your computer hot is dust, believe it or not. Dust is like insulation, or a blanket. The design of your computer case creates a suction effect. This suction effect is also important in cooling your computer; but, just like bad placement can block the vents and make them useless, bad placement can turn a positive design into a negative, turning your computer into a literal vacuum. If you place your computer on the floor, it will suck up all of the dust that lies there. You might not even have to use your Dyson anymore. This is especially bad on carpeted floors because carpets hold on to so much dust...you might even get loose carpet in your computer. One thing you can do to keep your computer off the floor AND off the desk is to purchase a "CPU" holder. 

46. Small Things Count
One important thing to do is turn off your computer when you don't plan on using it for at least a few hours.
The longer you have it on, the more strain you are putting on your computer's hardware. 
Run Disk Defragmenter every month or so.
It is not necessary to run Disk Defragmenter if you have a solid state drive.
To increase your login speed, get rid of some desktop icons! 

47. Proper shutdown, power outages, and power surges
When your computer suddenly loses power, there is a chance that your hard drive can become corrupted. Do not shut down your computer by holding the power button down (forced shut down). This prevents your computer from doing a proper shutdown because it will suddenly lose power.
A UPS is basically a big battery that can power your computer and other devices. It plugs into your wall, and you plug your computer into it like a power strip. While power goes to your computer, power is also charged in the UPS, so in the case of a power outage, you computer will still have power. 

48. Cleaning your Computer

49. Questions?