1. Recurrency/Transition Training
Mel Burkart, MCFI

2. Contents Currency Transition Individual Pilot Currency
Towing/Tow Pilots
Pilot Factors
Safety Culture
Transition
Additional Launch Methods
Higher/Lower Performance Gliders
Additional Glider Rating
Log Book Endorsements
Training Syllabus
CFI Qualifications

3. Recurrency/Transition Training
Regulatory Requirements -
(FAR 61.56, 61.57, 61.31(j))
Flight Review
Wings Program
Endorsements (FAR 61.56, 61.31)
Transition Training Syllabi
Instructor qualifications
Training Goals

4. Currency Requirements FAR 61.56
FAR Flight Review
Every 24 calendar months
1 hour of ground instruction, and
1 hour, or 3 flights, of flight training
FAR Recent Flight Experience
3 take-off’s and landings
within 90 days to carry passengers
Night – same requirement during nighttime.
Note: For night and tailwheel, takeoff and landings must be full stop
Same category, class
Category - airplane, rotorcraft, glider
Class - single engine, multiengine, land, water

5. Flight Review FAR 61.56 Flight Review is “NOT” a flight test
Note: the words “review” and “training”. in FAR
Objective - Training to proficiency
Engage the applicant in the learning process
Ask the student to evaluate his strengths and weakness
suggest areas to work on.
Review FAR Part 61 and 91 as appropriate
Use PTS to define standards
Make appropriate logbook entry
Advisory Circular 61.65E Appendix 1

6. Flight Review FAR 61.56 Everyone! ALL! Who needs a flight review?
(Private, Commercial, ATP, Flight Instructor)
What category/class of aircraft is the review good for?
ALL!
A single flight review covers a pilot for all ratings
CFI should evaluate the scope of his action.

7. Flight Review FAR 61.56 Alternative approaches
Obtain a new rating or certificate
Use the FAA Wings program
the WINGS program ends December 31, 2007.
Flight Standards District Offices (FSDO) will continue to accept phases completed by this date until January 31, 2008.
Advisory Circular 61-91H:
New Wings Program
designed to help each pilot construct an educational curriculum suitable for their unique flight requirements.

8. Emergency Procedures on Tow
Rope break at various altitudes
Discussion
Pre-flight questioning
What questions do you ask?
In flight questioning
Practice at safe altitude
How do you practice a rope break at altitude?

9. Emergency Procedures on Landing
What do you do now?
Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4.
What are you going to do in the future? 4

10. Currency vs. Proficiency
Definition of Currency
currency simply refers to being up to date or occurring within a recent period of time.
Definition of Proficiency
"performing a given skill with expert correctness.“
Pilot proficiency - ability to perform tasks associated with the safe conduct of a flight
"...that practice is the key to the secret of flying."
Reasons for lack of proficiency
Prolonged period of inactivity
Fear of maneuver

11. Proficiency or Current?

12. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Initial glider towing prerequisites
At least Private Pilot certificate
At least 100 hours of pilot-in-command in aircraft category, class, and type – if required or
Logged at least 10 flights towing a glider before May 17, 1967

13. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Initial training requirements in towplane
Ground & flight training in gliders
Emergency procedures
Ground and air signals
Maximum bank angles
3 flights, real or simulated tows,
as sole operator of the controls towing a glider while accompanied by a pilot who meets these requirements (61.69, c)
If endorsing pilot has private pilot privileges must meet the requirements of (d)(i)(ii)
Appropriate Logbook Endorsements

14. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing Annual recurrent training requirements
Within the preceding 12 months
Made at least 3 actual or simulated tows while accompanied by a qualified tow pilot OR
Made at least 3 flights as PIC of a glider being aero-towed

15. Pilot Factors
FAR (b)
Operations not requiring a medical certificate.
A person is not required to hold a medical certificate:
(1) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating;
FAR (b)
Operations that do not require a medical certificate.
For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner.

16. Pilot Factors Practical Aspects
General health issues
Cold/Flu
OTC drugs
Specific medical conditions
Prescription drugs
Surgical procedures & recovery

17. Pilot Factors Practical Aspects
General health issues
Cold/Flu
OTC drugs
Specific medical conditions
Prescription drugs
Surgical procedures & recovery
Aging - average age 54
General trends – more physical problems
Reduction in motor skills - ? ? ?
Age 70 +
FAA eliminates Age60 rule for airline pilots
Increase in experience

18. Pilot Factors Aging Pilot Population
General trend
FAA stats: average age 54, oldest category
Reduction in motor skills ? ? ?
Studies indicate no significant deteration in motor skills until reaching age 70+.
FAA eliminated age 60 rule for airline pilots
Increase in experience

19. Club Safety Culture
Institutionalize practices and procedures that encourage ALL pilots to actively engage in safe practices
How do we do accomplish that?
Empower tow-pilots to refuse a launch
Both pilots are at risk
Empower ANY pilot to hold/stop an operation
Offer dual flying opportunities
Ref: SLSA Programs

20. Types of Transition Training
Adding a new launch method
Aerotow, Ground launch, Self launch
Moving to a higher/lower performance glider
The step down is just as big as the step up!
Additional Glider Rating

21. Types of Transition Training Additional Launch methods
CFI endorsement is all that’s required
Training syllabus so applicant knows what to study (e.g., AC for motorgliders)
Ground school to discus new launch procedures
Flight training to practice launch procedure
logbook endorsement to finish process

22. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider
Review Pilot Operating Handbook
Assembly/disassembly procedures
Manual or automatic flight controls hookups
Weight and Balance information
Review aircraft systems
Radio/transponder
Vario/flight computer
GPS

24. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider
Review ground/flight characteristics
Speeds
Tow, Approach & Landing
Thermaling, Inter-thermal cruising
T.O./Landing attitude
effect of tow-hook position
Pilot experience and decision heights
Log book endorsements

25. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider
Prepare plan for 1st flight
Tow height
Basic maneuvers
Stall characteristics in different configurations
Turn coordination exercises
Other maneuvers
Approach and landing considerations
Log book endorsements

26. Stemme S10-VT
Katania

27. Types of Transition Training Additional Category Rating
Adding a Glider rating
Evaluate previous experience
Introduce differences
Launch procedures
Thermal etiquette, flying close to other gliders
Approach and landing procedures
Review regulatory requirements
Log book endorsements
When do they expire?

28. Log Book Endorsements Student pilots Other rated pilots
Pre-solo, specify launch procedure
Post-solo
Sign student pilot certificate
Other rated pilots
Log book endorsement only
May not have an explicit expiration date
Sample endorsements
Advisory Circular 61.65E, Appendix 1

29. Training Syllabi Improves communication between instructor and student
Should include both instructor and student components
Multiple sources available
Publications (FAA, SSA, Knauff, Piggott, Wander)
Internal club/school documents
personally developed

30. Training Syllabi Instructor components include
Record of ground/flight training
Records kept at club/school
Records available for review by student and instructor
Lesson plans describing the training steps

31. Training Syllabi Student components include
Training syllabus with detailed objectives
List of reference material provided for study
Completion standards specified
PTS – Practical Test Standars

32. Training Goals Ensure applicant reaches correlation stage of learning
Ensure applicant operates glider within defined safety limits
Ensure applicant enjoys the learning experience

33. Serial vs Parallel Tasks
Sequential events
Time independent
Parallel
Multiple simultaneous events
Time critical

34. When can you get proficiency training?

35. Instructor Qualifications
Holds current flight instructor certificate
Current in appropriate launch procedure
Current in specific glider/motorglider
Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

36. Instructor Qualifications
Holds a current flight instructor certificate
Current in appropriate launch procedure
Current in specific glider/motorglider
Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

37. Instructor Qualifications
Current in appropriate launch procedure
Familiar with general characteristics of glider/motorglider
Able to review gliders POH
Familiar with specific glider is a big plus

38. Instructor Qualifications
Holds a current flight instructor certificate
Current in appropriate launch procedure
Current in specific glider/motorglider
Practiced in appropriate Emergency procedures

39. Which picture is different?