1. Latina Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Clinical Level Problems AVA Members’ Meeting: Controversies and Challenges in Addressing Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan
Nora Montalvo-Liendo, RN, PhD, FAAN
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, PhD
Sandra Graham-Berman, PhD
October 16-18, 2014

2. Fear Psychological Guilt Power Intimidation Sexual Abuse Shame
Control
Fear
Guilt
Psychological
Power
Humiliation
Intimidation
Sexual Abuse
Physical Abuse
Oppression
Shame
Threats
Emotional

3. Background
A high level of mental disorders, particularly PTSD are effects of intimate partner violence.
(Babcock & Deprince, 2013; Edelson, Hokoda, & Ramos-Lira, 2007).
A mother’s mental health impacts children’s functioning.
(Fredland, et al., 2014; Graham-Berman, S. 2007; Sturge-Apple, M., et al. 2011).

4. Beyond the Physical Violence B
Permission to use drawings from CAVE project-UTPA

5. Purpose To explore: Commonalties and differences Four groups of women
Cope with the violence

6. Methods Recruited from multiple sites Face-to-Face interviews
(Time 1 & Time 2)
Eligibility criteria: history of IPV past 2 years, and child ages 5 to 12

7. Multiple Sites

8. Measures
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Orme, Reis & Herz, 1986).
Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised Version (CTS2), (Strauss, Hamby, Boney-McCoy & Sugarman, 1996).
Mothers were interviewed regarding their violence experiences and their mental health with two measures…

9. Sample Characteristics
N=191
African-American
23%
Latina
41%
White
30%
*Biracial 6%
*(primarily African American & White)

10. Sample Characteristics
Single
80%
Grade School or less
12%
High School/GED or less
60%
Mom working
42%
Used shelter before

11. Results Women were exposed to an average of:
101 (SD=53.15) Psychological Aggression tactics
58 (SD=61.52) Physical Aggression tactics
31.73 (SD=14.41) Mean depressed mood total score

12. Results For all groups:
Significant differences in depressed mood, education, income
No significant differences in emergency shelter use, housing instability, and employment at time of study

13. Discussion Latina women:
Significantly higher depression scores relative to the three groups
Lowest level of education & income
Higher level of exposure to violence
Several years older (Latina & Biracial women)

14. Discussion
H1 Depressed mood scores will be higher in women from minority ethno- racial groups than in White women.
H2 The extent of physical violence and economic income will predict to greater depressed mood for women across ethno-racial minority groups.

15. Ethnoracial Groups’ Mean CES-D Score

16. Policy, Program, & Clinical Implications
Policies to address psychological abuse
Implementation of cultural specific programs
Collaborative efforts to address unmet mental health needs
Increase healthcare and community outreach/education

17. Acknowledgment Women survivors Agencies
Office of the Provost, University of Michigan, Global Challenges for a Third Century Grant.
Research team: Dr. Grogan-Kaylor
Dr. Graham-Bermann