1. Essay Unit: Week 2 Monday and Tuesday
Ms. A

2. You are allowed to use your notes to answer these questions.
Starter: September 26, 2016
Complete your grammar review worksheet on your desk. This worksheet WILL count as a quiz grade so make sure you answer all questions.
You are allowed to use your notes to answer these questions.

3. What’s on the agenda?
Grammar Starter
Run-ons/Fragments
How does procrastination hinder your writing? (Spongebob)
Parallelism in your thesis
Writing is a journey…continued

4. Run-on sentences
A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are combined without correct punctuation.
Independent clause: a complete, simple sentence, meaning that it contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought.
Let’s practice correcting a Run- on sentence: The grocery store was really packed with people there must have been a big sale today.
There are two ways to correct this run-on.
1. The grocery store was really packed with people. There must have been a big sale today.
2. The grocery store was really packed with people, so there must have been a big sale today.

5. What are Fragments? (Think about it as something being left out)
No Subject: Went to the store to buy brownie mix. Added Subject: My dad went to the store to buy brownie mix.
No Verb: Brownie mix at the store expensive. Added Verb: Brownie mix at the store was expensive.
Incomplete: The variety of yummy cake mixes. Complete: The variety of yummy cake mixes convinced him that he’d rather bake a cake than brownies tonight.
Sentences are considered fragments when they are missing either a subject or a verb. 

6. Procrastination ft. Spongebob
How does procrastination hinder the writing process?
What are some ways to avoid procrastination?
Procrastination:Spongebob clip

7. PARALLELISM IN YOUR THESIS STATEMENT

8. Writing is a journey: what’s the next step?
Pre-writing stage/brainstorming
Introduction
Thesis statement
Body paragraphs
Conclusion

9. Body Paragraphs should be: Clearly related to the thesis
Coherent
Clearly related to the thesis
Unified
Well developed

10. Step 1: Decide on a controlling idea and create a topic sentence.
This idea directs the paragraphs development in the form of a topic sentence.
Step 2: Explain the controlling idea.
The explanation the writer gives for how the reader should interpret information presented in the topic sentence.
Step 3: Give an example or multiple examples.
The example serves as a sign or representation of the relationship established in the topic sentence. THIS IS WHERE YOU USE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE.

11. Step 4: Explain the examples (why is this textual evidence relevant)?
Step 5: Complete the paragraphs idea and transition to the next sentence.
This final step ties up loose ends and reminds the reader of the relevance of the information presented. This is also the opportunity to transition to the next body paragraph.

12. (Topic sentence) Slave spirituals often had hidden double meanings.
2. (Explanation of topic sentence) On one level, spirituals referenced heaven, Jesus, and the soul, but on another level, the songs spoke about slave resistance.
3. (Textual evidence/examples)For example, according to Frederick Douglass, the song “O Canaan, Sweet Canaan” spoke of slaves’ longing for heaven, but it also expressed their desire to escape to the North. Careful listeners heard this second meaning in the following lyrics: “I don’t expect to stay / Much longer here. / Run to Jesus, shun the danger. / I don’t expect to stay.”
4. (Why is this example relevant)? When slaves sang this song, they could have been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven; however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North. Slaves even used songs like “Steal Away to Jesus (at midnight)” to announce to other slaves the time and place of secret, forbidden meetings.
5. What whites heard as merely spiritual songs, slaves discerned as detailed messages. The hidden meanings in spirituals allowed slaves to sing what they could not say.

13. YOU TRY IT, START WRITING YOUR BODY PARAGRAPHS USING THE FIVE STEPS.

14. Starter: September 27, Mark complete sentences with an S, for sentences with fragments or run-ons correct the sentence accordingly.
The man that I saw yesterday.
He is not an exceptional student, he is only average.
To know everything is quite impossible.
Because I have no time.
I was afraid to sit with the girl who had braces because she spits when she eats her food and she doesn’t know how to cover her mouth so I sit alone at lunch.
Having finished her dinner, Joy sat down to an evening of television.
America, the greatest country in the world.
High grades do not come easily but, they are earned by hard work and perseverance.

15. What’s on the agenda? Starter: Run-on and fragmented sentences
Research: How do we find evidence? (Adventure Time)
Signal phrases
In-text citations
4 steps: Using quotes in your essay
Your turn: practice with your own body paragraphs

16. Where’s the evidence? Using “Adventure Time.”
1. What is going on in this video clip?
2. What is she doing to document evidence?
3. How is this relevant to finding textual evidence for your essay?

17. Signal phrases (introduces the quote/evidence)
Signal Phrase: a phrase or sentence which leads into a quotation.

19. Why do we use quotations in essay writing?
Provide as much evidence as possible in support of your thesis
Packing your paper with quotations will not necessarily strengthen your argument.
The majority of your paper should still be your original ideas in your own words (after all, it’s your paper).

20. Step 1: Provide the situation for each quote: The situation should set the basic scene for when, where, and why the quotation was spoken or written.
Step 2: Give each quotation to its source: Tell your reader who is speaking.
Step 3: Explain the significance of the quotation: Don’t stop! Your reader still needs your assessment of why the quotation holds significance for your paper.
Step 4: Provide a citation for your quote.

21. Why do we use in-text citations?
To prove your ideas.
Strengthen your argument.
Give credibility/avoid plagiarism.

22. How do we use in-text citations using a play as our source?
(Crucible.1.14).
(Title, Act, page number).

23. WHAT IT SHOULD LOOK LIKE
When upstairs talking to Rev. Hale about the devil being inside of her Abigail states, “She made me do it! She made Betty do it! (Crucible. 1.17).

24. YOUR TURN