1. An Introduction to Cardiac Medicine
The Heart!
An Introduction to Cardiac Medicine

2. Fast Facts The human heart is a muscle that lies left of the chest .
It has about the size of a fist .
The heart is like a pump that sends blood around your body. The blood gives you the oxygen you need .
An average heart pumps about 70 milliliters of blood into your body with every beat .
That’s about 5 liters every minute or about 7200 liters every day.

3. Heart
Every cell in your body needs oxygen to live. The role of the heart is to send blood that is full of oxygen to all the cells in your body.

4. Blood Circulation
The passageways that carry this blood are called blood vessels.

5. Blood Vessels of the Pancreas & Spleen

6. Blood Vessels of the Liver

7. Blood Vessels of the Brain

8. How does Blood Circulate?
The passageways that carry this blood are called blood vessels
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the cells that need it
The largest artery is the aorta

9. Major Arteries

10. How does Blood Circulate?
The passageways that carry this blood are called blood vessels.
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the cells that need it.
The largest artery is the aorta.
Veins carry blood back to the heart again. It is pumped into your lungs where it picks up oxygen and then goes back to your heart, from where it is pumped back again into your body.

12. Veins & Arteries of the Torso

13. How does Blood Circulate?
The passageways that carry this blood are called blood vessels.
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the cells that need it. The largest artery is the aorta.
Veins carry blood back to the heart again. It is pumped into your lungs where it picks up oxygen and then goes back to your heart, from where it is pumped back again into your body.
It only takes about 20 seconds to pump blood to every cell of your body.

14. Parts of the Heart The heart is made up of 4 chambers
Atria: the top two chambers
These fill with blood
Ventricles: bottom two chambers
Their job is to squirt out the blood
In the middle of the heart there is a thick muscle called the septum that separates the left and the right side

15. 4 Chambers of the Heart

16. Teamwork!
The atria and ventricles work together. The atria fill with blood and when they are full they let the blood into the ventricles.
When these ventricles pump the blood out of the heart, the atria fill up again and the whole process starts again.

17. Heart Valves
There are four valves in the heart that make sure that the blood is pumped in the right direction.
When the heart contracts , it pumps blood from its chambers into the body.
Then the heart muscle relaxes and lets the chambers fill up.

18. Heart Valves
Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction.
Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped.

19. 4 Valves of the Heart The tricuspid valve The pulmonary valve
The mitral valve
The aortic valve

20. Tricuspid Valve
The veins of the body all eventually drain into the right atrium
Once the right atrium is full, the tricuspid valve opens, allowing the de-saturated blood to flow into the right ventricle
De-saturated = no oxygen
The right ventricle then fills with the de-saturated blood.
As the pressures begin to change in the right atrium and right ventricle, the tricuspid valve closes.

22. Pulmonary Valve
As the de-saturated blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the pulmonary valve, which has been closed as the right ventricle was filling.
The pulmonary valve opens, allowing the blood to leave the right ventricle and flow to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Once the right ventricle has emptied, the pulmonary valve closes, thereby keeping the blood from re-entering the right ventricle.

24. Pulmonary Arteries

25. Saturation of the Blood (O2)
As the de-saturated blood passes through the lungs, the carbon dioxide that was added to the red blood cells by the body’s organs is exchanged for a new supply of oxygen.
The newly oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs to the left atrium, which is the receiving chamber on the left side of the heart.

27. Mitral Valve The valve located in the left atrium is the mitral valve.
As the left atrium fills with the newly oxygenated blood, the mitral valve remains closed.
As the pressure changes within the left atrium and left ventricle, the mitral valve opens, allowing the oxygenated blood to flow into the left ventricle.
As the left ventricle fills, the pressures in the left atrium and left ventricle begin to change.
Once the left ventricle is filled, the mitral valve closes as the left ventricle begins to contract.
By closing at this time, the mitral valve prevents the oxygenated blood in the left ventricle from flowing back to the lungs.

29. Left Ventricle
The left ventricle is the pumping chamber of the left side of the heart and is the most muscular portion of the heart.
When you hear some say their blood pressure is 120 over 80, it is the left ventricle that is generating these pressures.

30. Aortic Valve
As the left ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood leaves the heart and crosses the aortic valve, which is the valve that helps to control the flow of blood out of the heart to the body.
The oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle and crossing the aortic valve enters the main artery of the body, known as the aorta.
The aorta then travels to the body’s organs via branches that carry the blood to the individual organs.

32. Put It All Together Now…

33. Arteries of the Heart

35. Label the Heart!

36. Blood Pressure
The amount of pressure on one’s arteries every time the hear beats.
Systolic Pressure – the first number
The amount of pressure on the arteries when the heart beats
Diastolic Pressure – the second number
The pressure on the hearties when the heart is NOT beating
Average blood pressure readings for teenagers is 100/60

39. Hypertension High Blood Pressure
A sign that the heart is working harder than it should to push the blood through the blood vessels
Reading is 140/90 or over
Leads to enlargement of the main pumping chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) and overtaxing the heart
Stroke, eye damage, blood clots & aneurysm, heart attack/failure, kidney damage
Risk factors – overweight, eating a diet high in sodium, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, family history, age

40. Hypertension
Hypertension

41. Hypotension Low Blood Pressure
May be a sign of good health and a decreased risk of heart disease, but in some people, hypotension can be a problem
Can result in a decreased supply of oxygen and nutrients to your brain, which can eventually lead to life-threatening shock, damaging your brain or heart
Reading is under 90/60