1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Do Now
Take out the vocabulary homework for this section.

3. Cotton Gin
A machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber

4. Interchangeable Part
A part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another, identical part

5. Patent
Sole legal right to an invention and its profits

6. Capitalism
Economic system in which people and companies own the means of production

7. Capital
Money or other items, such as machines or buildings, used to create wealth

8. Free Enterprise
A type of economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want

9. Industrial Growth
In the mid-1700s, Great Britain inventors built machines that did some of the work in cloth making, such as spinning thread.
These new machines worked on the power of flowing water.

10. Industrial Growth
Factories, called mills, installed many machines, and were built along the water.

11. New England
The Industrial Revolution came to New England for 3 reasons:

12. New England
1. Poor soil made farming difficult.

13. New England
2. There were many rivers and streams to power factory machinery.

14. New England
3. The area had many ports to import raw materials and export finished goods.

15. New Inventions
Technology is equipment that makes use of advanced knowledge and skill to solve a problem or task.

16. New Inventions
Eli Whitney invented interchangeable parts. This is a part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another, identical part.

17. The Rise of Factories
In 1790, Congress passed a patent law to protect inventors.
A patent gives an inventor the sole right to make money from an invention for a certain period of time.

18. The Rise of Factories
Samuel Slater secretly memorized the design of machines that made cotton in Britain. He then brought his ideas to the United States.

19. The Rise of Factories
Francis Cabot Lowell improved on this, and made a cloth factory that made thread and wove it into cloth.
This began the factory system in which all manufacturing steps are combined in one place.

20. Free Enterprise
Capitalism helped industrial growth. In capitalism, individuals and businesses own property and decide how to use it.

21. Free Enterprise
The people – not the government – control capital, which includes the buildings, land, machines, money, and other items used to create wealth.

22. Free Enterprise
We also use the term free enterprise to describe the American economic system. People are free to work wherever they want.

23. Free Enterprise
The major elements of free enterprise are:

24. Economic Freedom
The freedom to choose how to produce, sell, and use your own resources, while respecting others' rights to do the same.

25. Profit

26. Competition

27. Private Property

28. Agriculture Grows
In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which removed seeds from cotton.

29. Agriculture Grows
With the ability to take seeds out of cotton faster, cotton plantations grew larger, and the need for slaves increased.

30. Agriculture Grows
The demand for cotton grew as textile factories appeared.
The cotton gin also allowed planters to grow cotton over a much wider area.

31. Agriculture Grows
Between 1790 and 1820, cotton production soared from 3,000 to 300,000 bales per year in the South.

32. Cotton Belt (1860)

33. Agriculture Grows
Between 1790 and 1810, the number of enslaved Africans in the United States rose from about 700,000 to 1.2 million.

34. United States Slave Population

35. Growth of corporations
Shopkeepers, merchants, and farmers – provided the money necessary to build most new businesses.

36. Growth of corporations
A corporation is a type of business that can have many owners.

37. Corporation Chart

38. Growth of corporations
They sell stock – shares of ownership in a company – to raise the money to build factories and expand their business.

39. Cities Grow Up
The growth of factories and trade led to the growth of towns and cities.

40. Cities Grow Up
Older cities such as New York, Boston, and Baltimore also grew as centers of commerce and trade.

41. Cities Grow Up
To the west, towns such as Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Louisville were located on major rivers. As farmers in the West shipped more products by water, these towns grew rapidly.

42. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Camden’s industry included lumber dealers, manufacturers of wooden shingles, pork sausage, carriages and wagons, flint glass, candle factories, tanneries, blacksmiths, and harness makers.

43. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
The city later was famous for Campbell’s Soup and the many shipyards that produced boats.

44. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Elizabeth housed companies such as Singer Sewing Machine Company and Bethlehem Steel.

45. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Jersey City developed a warehouse district that included many factories and distribution centers.

46. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Newark produced leather for shoes, carriages, coaches, lace, and hats.

47. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Paterson became a textile center and later became known for producing trains and silk.

48. Industrial Revolution in New Jersey
Trenton produced clay products, iron, and steel.

49. Trenton Bridge

50. New Jersey Today
New Jersey’s economy is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, chemical development, food processing, electric equipment, printing, publishing, and oil refining.

51. New Jersey Today New Jersey ranks second in blueberry production.
Hammonton, NJ is considered the blueberry capital of the world.

52. New Jersey Today
New Jersey ranks third in cranberry and spinach production.

53. New Jersey Today
New Jersey ranks fourth in peach, bell pepper, and lettuce production.

54. New Jersey Today
This state also produces fresh tomatoes, apples, strawberries, soybeans, potatoes, and corn

55. Wrap Up Questions
1. Why did the Industrial Revolution develop in New England?

56. Wrap Up Questions
2. Where did most cities develop?

57. Wrap Up Questions
3. What was the cotton gin? Why did this invention have unintended consequences?

58. Wrap up questions
4. What are interchangeable parts? How did they increase production?

59. Wrap Up Questions
5. What is a patent? How did it protect inventors?

60. Wrap Up Questions
6. How did the Industrial Revolution affect New Jersey?