1. Chapter 3 Suffixes Anemia Eosinophils Ischemia Basophils Tonsillitis
Achondroplasia
Blepharoptosis
Arteriole
Adenoids
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Journal question: What suffixes are you familiar with at this time? What are the spelling rules that pertain to suffixes?
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

2. Chapter Goals
Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.
Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.
Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.

3. Suffixes and Terminology
NOUN SUFFIXES
-cele hernia
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
-coccus berry-shaped bacterium
-dynia pain
-emia blood condition
Suffix Meaning
Refer to section beginning on p. 74 for terms using these suffixes

4. Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
NOUN SUFFIXES
-graph instrument for recording
-graphy process of recording
-lysis breakdown, destruction, separation
-genesis condition of producing, forming
Suffix Meaning
Refer to section beginning on p. 74 for terms using these suffixes

5. Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
NOUN SUFFIXES
-malacia softening
-penia deficiency
-phobia fear
-plasia development, formation, growth
-plasty surgical repair
Suffix Meaning
Refer to section beginning on p. 74 for terms using these suffixes
-megaly enlargement

6. QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of heights? A. acromegaly
B. hydrophobia
C. acrophobia
D. agoraphobia
Correct answer is C: acrophobia

7. QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of heights? A. acromegaly
B. hydrophobia
C. acrophobia
D. agoraphobia
Correct answer is C: acrophobia

8. Suffixes and Terminology -ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse
NOUN SUFFIXES
-ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse
-sclerosis hardening
-stasis stopping, controlling
-stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma)
-therapy treatment
Suffix Meaning
Refer to section beginning on p. 74 for terms using these suffixes

9. Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) -tomy incision, cutting into
SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES
-tomy incision, cutting into
-trophy development, nourishment
-er one who
-ole little, small
-ule little, small
-um, ium structure, tissue
-us structure, substance
-y condition, process
Suffix Meaning

10. Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) -ar, ary -eal, -ous
ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-ar, ary
-eal, -ous
-tic pertaining to
-genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in
Suffix Meaning

11. Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms
Combining Forms + Suffix
arthr/itis
blephar/o/ptosis
isch/emia
oste/o/genic
staphyl/o/cocci
Meaning
inflammation of joint
drooping eyelid
loss of normal blood flow
produced by bone tissue
berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters
What is Streptococcus?
What are other berry-shaped bacteria?

12. Blood Cell Types Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Red Blood cells
White Blood cells
Clotting cells

13. Blood Cell Types 1. Erythrocytes Red blood cells Made in bone marrow
Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells
Hemoglobin: blood protein
What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?

14. Blood Cell Types (cont’d)
2. Leukocytes
White blood cells
Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories
Granulocytes
Mononuclear leukocytes
An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).
What is the distinction between granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes?
An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).

15. Blood Cell Types (cont’d)
Granulocytes – three types
Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
Basophils - play a role in inflammation
Neutrophils - important disease-fighting cells
Formed in the blood marrow
Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
Basophils – play a role in inflammation
Neutrophils – important disease-fighting cells
What do the prefixes for each type reflect?
What are some other names for neutrophils?

16. Blood Cell Types (cont’d)
Mononuclear Leukocytes – two types
Lymphocytes – fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies
Monocytes – engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells
An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).
Lymphocytes – fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies
Monocytes – engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells
What are two types of lymphocytes?
What are macrophages?

17. Blood Cell Types (cont’d)
3. Thrombocytes
Also known as platelets
Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the marrow
Necessary for blood clotting

18. Types of Blood Cells

19. Types of Blood Cells (cont’d)

20. QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?
A. erythrocytes
B. granulocytes
C. monocytes
D. thrombocytes
Correct answer is D: thrombocytes, which are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.

21. QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?
A. erythrocytes
B. granulocytes
C. monocytes
D. thrombocytes
Correct answer is D: thrombocytes, which are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.

22. Review: Hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
CYSTOCELE
when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.
See p. 82 for more information.
A hernia is protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
CYSTOCELE
when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.
RECTOCELE
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

23. Review: Hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
RECTOCELE
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
See p. 82 for more information.
A hernia is protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
CYSTOCELE
when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.
RECTOCELE
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

24. QUICK QUIZ: 3. A rectocele is… a herniation of the intestines
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vaginal wall
a hiatal hernia
an omphalocele
Correct answer is B. See p. 82 for additional information on hernias.

25. QUICK QUIZ: 3. A rectocele is… a herniation of the intestines
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vaginal wall
a hiatal hernia
an omphalocele
Correct answer is B. See p. 82 for additional information on hernias.

26. Review: Amniocentesis
Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?

27. Review
Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?
What is an abscess?
What are the different types of hernias?
When is an amniocentesis usually performed?

28. Review (cont’d)
Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood
Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body
Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)
What is the literal meaning of anemia?
How are anemias classified?
What is aplastic anemia?
What happens to tissue that becomes ischemic?

29. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)
A. tonsilitis
B. tonsillitis
C. tonsillectomy
D. tonsilectomy
Correct answer is B: tonsillitis. Although the term tonsil has only one “l”, the combining form has a double letter “l”. “ITIS” means inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because it has only one “l”.

30. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)
A. tonsilitis
B. tonsillitis
C. tonsillectomy
D. tonsilectomy
Correct answer is B: tonsillitis. Although the term tonsil has only one “l”, the combining form has a double letter “l”. “ITIS” means inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because it has only one “l”.

31. Review
Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty
Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen
Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection
What usually causes the excessive amount of growth hormone found in acromegaly?
What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?
What is the difference between leukocytosis and leukemia? What do their suffixes mean?

32. Review (cont’d)
Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence
Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids
Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope
Laparoscope – a lighted telescopic instrument
What causes achondroplasia?
How is the suffix -ptosis pronounced?
What are the specific uses of laparoscopy?

33. Review (cont’d)
Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages
What is the literal meaning of adenoids?
What may happen if adenoids become enlarged?

34. QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels? A. arteries
B. venules
C. capillaries
D. arterioles
Correct answer is C: capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels. See p. 88, appendix P for more information.

35. QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels? A. arteries
B. venules
C. capillaries
D. arterioles
Correct answer is C: capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels. See p. 88, appendix P for more information.

36. Pronunciation (cont’d)
Examples:
acute ă-KŪT
basophil BĀ-sō-fĭl
ischemia ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă
paracentesis pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Are all students clear on the differences in short and long vowel sounds?