1. Jamestown

2. Funded and maintained by joint-stock companies
Virginia company offered 4/5 of all riches found in companies to it’s investors
3 ships : Susan Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed (150 people)
Settled in Virginia in Jamestown

3. Disastrous Start
“There was no talk, no hope, no work, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.”
John Smith
Contaminated river water = disease
Followed by hunger and lack of cooperation by the colonists
Winter and only 38 people left
“You must now obey this law,… he that will not work shall not eat.”
Powhatan Indians helped provide food
John Smith was badly burned and returned to England
600 people arrived in Jamestown
Powhatan begin to destroy farms and kill livestock
Famine struck = 60 colonists survived

4. Jamestown Flourishes
Colonists began to leave by sailing down James river
Met a ship that convinced them to turn around
Jamestown becomes stable, tobacco becomes important
John Rolfe (creates high quality tobacco through cross breeding different kinds)
1.5 mil lbs. of “brown gold” exported
Needed field labor = development of head rights
How would this be good for wealthy people?
Development of indentured servants

5. African Laborers First treated as indentured servants
Slaves would cost more money
Paid and currency in tobacco
Limited indentured servants
Began to import slaves in large numbers

6. Clash With the Indians Desire for more land
English had no desire to grant culture to Native Americans
Jamestown demanded food, took hostages, burned villages, etc.
Pocahontas was captured (Married John Rolfe)
Half hearted peace
Wanted more land for tobacco growing
Powhatan Indians began to fight back
Jamestown became a Royal Colony

7. Economic Differences
Indentured servants had no land, little money, and no voting rights
Became upset with Sir William Berkeley (governor)
Levied high taxes – wasn’t used for public good
Native Americans began to fight with western frontier settlers (became a blood bath)
Berkeley refused to send military support to fight

8. Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon took this refusal to heart
Raised army to fight Native Americans on western frontier
Berkeley says army is illegal
Bacon marches on inner Jamestown and rebels end up attacking
Rebellion caused king to look at government
Berkeley recalled to England to explain himself but died before he reached mainland

9. Puritan New England

10. Creation of New England
Puritan -> wanted to “purify” the Church of England
Get rid of all Roman Catholic traces
Separatists (Pilgrims) = wanted to form own congregations with own ministers
Left England and founded the Plymouth colony
John Winthrop = 1st governor of New England
Came to Americas to create “model” society

11. Mayflower Compact Aimed for VA Landed North of their target
Royal charter would not be valid
Signed Mayflower Compact that set up gov’t and pledged loyalty to the king

12. Massachusetts Bay Company
Winthrop obtains royal charter
Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony upon arrival
Boston becomes capital
Most elaborate expedition to this time
The colony extends voting rights to stockholders and adult males who belonged to the Puritan Church
Voted for lawmaking body (General Court) who then elected the governor
Extremely harsh winters
Help from Squanto with survival methods

14. Dissent in the Puritan Community
Roger Williams / Anne Hutchinson challenge the social order
Roger Williams
English settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from Native Americans
Felt people should be free to worship according to their beliefs
Wanted Williams arrested but he fled South and set up Providence (guarantee the separation of Church/State)

15. Anne Hutchinson
“the Holy Spirit illumines the heart of every true believer”
Didn’t need church to interpret bible for them
Eventually migrates to New Netherland (New York)

16. Native American Resistance
Immigrants begin to migrate into New Hampshire and Connecticut
Native American lands
Native Americans claim that no one owns the land
Received gifts to allow short-term use of land
Europeans saw it as “one-time deal”

17. Pequot War Pequot nation decides to make stand against colonists
Pequot's were surrounded and shot as they tried to flee

18. King Phillip’s War Natives forced to obey Puritan rules
Couldn’t hunt/fish on Sunday, etc.
Wampanoag chief Metacom (King Phillip) was very unhappy
Used hit and run tactics
Lasted over 1 year -> began to run low on food, introduced to diseases = surrendered or fled
Metacom’s head displayed in Plymouth for 20 yrs.
English lose about 1/10th of their men that were military age

19. Settlement of the Middle Colonies

20. William Penn
Age 22 – committed himself to the Society of Friends (Quakers)
Protestant sect whose religious and social beliefs were radical for the time
King Charles II – owed Penn’s father money
Penn asked for money in land charter (Pennsylvania)
Pennsylvania ran on Quaker beliefs
Began to attract many people of other faiths

21. Dutch and New Netherland
Dutch Government granted the Dutch West India Company permission to colonize New Netherland
Purposes of trade
New Amsterdam became capital
Expanded to take over New Sweden along Delaware River

22. Eventually opened doors to all people
Attracted Dutch, Germans, French, Scandinavians
1/5 population = African American (both enslaved and not)
Friendlier relations with Indians
Needed for fur trade
Land claims? Territory?
England began to drive out the Dutch from the area
New Netherland separated northern and southern colonies
Peter Stuyvesant = unpopular
His call of arms was ignored (no shots fired before surrender)
Duke of York renamed land to New York and gave land to be named New Jersey

23. Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
Penn’s Holy Experiment
Quakers believed that God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone
Services without formal ministers, allowing everyone to speak during the service
Embraced pacifism
Harassed by Anglicans and Puritans
Capital of Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”

24. Native American Relations
People who approached in friendship would respond in friendship
Arranged letter to be read to Delaware Indian tribes
Regulated trade with them and composed a court of both colonists and Native Americans to settle any differences
50 years of no conflict

25. A Thriving Colony
The need to attract settlers (farmers, builders, traders)
After only allowing Quakers he opened the colony to everyone
Advertisements for colony were in German, Dutch, and French
Penn never flourished economically as a proprietor
Died and slavery was introduced
Many Quakers owned slaves

26. Thirteen Colonies
King Charles I granted charter to Chesapeake Bay to George Calvert (1st Lord Baltimore)
Cecil (2nd Lord Baltimore) named colony Maryland
Became popular for it’s religious freedom
Awarded group of key supporters land between Virginia and Spanish Florida = North and South Carolina
James Ogelthorpe wanted a haven for those imprisoned for debt
Named colony Georgia
13 British colonies in North America