1. Microchips IN Health Practices
Mamduha Shujazada & Katelyn Smyth
Harmon, (2012)

2. Tracking Hand-Hygiene
Drug Delivery Systems
Tracking Hand-Hygiene
Accessing Personal Medical History Immediately

3. General Drug Delivery
Researchers are creating different microchips
Designed to deliver doses for diseases like osteoporosis, muscular sclerosis and diabetes
Instructions can be preprogramed directly via radio frequencies
Attempting to be made out of biodegradable material

4. The Use of Microchannels as a Drug Delivery Method
Sustained drug delivery by diffusion through micro channels
Different length of channels used to
examine how long the drug would diffuse out
Lee et al. (2012).

5. Succeeded in making doses last 0.5 days to 35 days
High drug loading was a problem with extended dosing periods
Large initial bursts of drugs could cause adverse reactions due to toxicity

6. Use for Osteoporosis Treatments
Human Parathyroid Hormone (hPTH) osteoporosis
In Vivo delivery for 8 postmenopausal women
Bone marker increased bone formulation
The women noted that it not affect quality of life

7. A Multi-Pulse Drug Delivery System
Releases pulses of different drugs at different intervals, avoiding initial burst
Biodegradable chip
Releases 4 pulses dextran (Human Growth Hormone) through a membrane dissolved by electricity
The physical chip has a long disintegration time, which reduces the possibility of dose dumping

8. Storing and Releasing Multiple Chemicals on Demand
Use of Reservoirs to stores and release multiple chemicals on demand
Can be released independently, reducing the total amount of drug used and adverse side effects
‘Smart’ microchip detects level of drugs in the blood and when to discharge more

9. Possible Side Effects
Tissue reactions
Movement of the implant
Electromagnetic interference
Electrical hazards
Magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility

10. Use of Microchips in Hand-Hygiene Tracking
the nGage automated hand-hygiene-monitoring system from Proventix, in Birmingham, Alabama
Compulsory hospital RFID devices employees are tracked on the job
Swedberg (2008)

11. Helps Prevent health-care associated infections
The Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital facility in Sayre, Pennsylvania
Management to knows who follows hospitals hand hygiene policies

12. Patient Medical Histories
VeriChip of Delray Beach, Fl., is offering RFID patient health records
Implanted in arm, with the transponder's unique 16-digit ID number a database containing that individual's medical records and, a living will
900 hospitals can read a patient’s VeriChip RFID transponder

13. The RFID microchip is expected to become a standard in hospitals
Unregulated privacy of health information, which corporations could easily access
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology describes this as location threat where corporations can be monitor workers and patients

14. RFID chips may eradicate drug counterfeiting and emergency room lines
Hospitals to compete for patient administration
Competitive marketing threats gain access to patient preferences

15. There are several benefits and problems with microchipping, outlined in this slide
Benefits
Problems
Drug Delivery Microchip Systems
Helps people stay on track for drug dosing
Doctors can preprogram or send instructions
Ease of administration for diseases with multiple injections
Possibility of future ‘smart’ chips that will deliver the drug when low levels detected
Biodegradable therefore no invasive surgery to remove chip
Possible adverse tissue reaction
Possible migration of implanted transponder
Possible electromagnetic interference
Possible MRI incompatibility
Initial burst of drug and then rapid decrease released
Cost-effectiveness of manufacturing
Appropriate biodegradable materials
Hand Hygiene Tracking Systems
Helps prevent the spread of Hospital Acquired Infections
Prevents Cross-Contamination
Possible invasion of privacy for Health Care workers by tracking their movements
Patient Medical History Access
If unconscious, confused etc. easy access of important information
Information available in case of emergency
Always have access to complete and accurate information
Lack of privacy as information could possibly be hacked
Location of employees or patients could be tracked without consent or knowledge
The benefits of microchipping in Drug Delivery Systems, Hand-Hygiene Tracking, and Access to Patient Medical History will at least ensure the further research of microchip implantation of humans.