1. Warm-Up (9/16)
Answer the following questions, and explain in a complete sentence why each answer is correct.
Name
Date
Period
Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?
natural disaster
unusual weather
human activities
competition
The carrying capacity is most likely to change
if emigration takes place.
when resources remain the same.
for all species at the same time.
after a fire or flood.

2. Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession

3. Definition:
Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary
The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time

4. Note: will show notes on the board as:
Lichens  diesoil 
Mosses and ferns  diesoil 
Wildflowers and grasses  diesoil 
Birds, insects and small mammals  diesoil 
Climax community

5. Primary Succession Begins in a place without any soil
Ex: volcano
Landslides
Flooding
Starts with PIONEER SPECIES: living things such as lichens that do not need soil to survive

7. Primary Succession
Soil starts to form as lichens and the forces of weather and erosion help break down rocks into smaller pieces
When lichens die, they decompose, adding small amounts of organic matter to the rock to make soil

9. Primary Succession
Simple plants like mosses and ferns can grow in the new soil

10. Primary Succession The simple plants die, adding more organic material
The soil layer thickens, and grasses, wildflowers, and other plants begin to take over

11. Primary Succession
These plants die, and they add more nutrients to the soil
Shrubs and trees can survive now

12. Primary Succession
Insects, small birds, and mammals have begun to move in
What was once bare rock now supports a variety of life

13. Secondary Succession
Begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
Occurs faster and has different pioneer species than primary succession
Example: after forest fires
Why does secondary succession occur faster?

14. Why are the shorter trees not present in the final stage of succession?5 4 3 2
Stage: 1

15. Why are the shorter trees not present in the final stage of succession?

16. Climax Community
A stable group of plants and animals that is the end result of the succession process
Does not always mean big trees
Grasses in prairies
Cacti in deserts

17. Succession can happen in water, too!

18. Objective #1
Make a flow map of the steps of primary and secondary succession.
Include examples for each type of succession.

19. Closure (9/16) Answer the following question in a complete sentence:
Name
Date
Period
Describe in writing the difference between primary and secondary succession.
Primary succession is different from secondary succession because…
Rate
1-10