1. GCSE Physical Education The Muscular System

2. What the video and highlight and answer the questions.
Starter
What the video and highlight and answer the questions.

3. What do you Know about voluntary and involuntary muscles?
GREEN = Nothing PINK = Some ORANGE = Confident

4. Learning Objectives
Developing: Understand what the muscular system is and what roles it has.
Securing: Explain the differences between a Voluntary and Involuntary muscle.
Exceeding: Justify why Muscles are in pairs and the correct term for them.

5. The Muscular System

6. The Muscular System The term ‘muscular system’ describes all the
muscles in the body and how they work.
Creates movement as a result of muscle
contracting and relaxing (lengthening). Muscles
also define body shape and maintain posture,
whether sitting or standing
Muscles work either:
- voluntarily (through planned movements) or
- involuntarily (contracting/lengthening by
themselves)

7. Voluntary & Involuntary Muscles

8. Voluntary (Skeletal Muscle)
The type of muscle responsible for moving your arms and legs is called voluntary muscle.
It is attached to bones.
It moves these bones under your conscious control.
It receives signals from your conscious brain via your nervous system.
When these signals stop, the muscles relax again.

9. Involuntary- Smooth Muscle
Involuntary muscle is found in and around organs such as the intestines, and around blood vessels.
It works without you consciously controlling it, or even being aware of it.
Under a microscope it appears smooth, with no stripes.

10. Cardiac muscle This type of muscle is also involuntary.
It is only found in the heart and it never rests during a persons lifetime.

11. Task 1
Think, Pair and share with partner and allocate all different muscles to the correct muscle group.

12. Muscles & Movement

13. Muscles & Movement ANTAGONISTIC
Muscles are attached to the bones of the
skeleton by tendons
Muscles are made up of many muscle fibres
and when these pull against the skeleton
(contract), movement takes place
THESE PAIRS ARE CALLED
ANTAGONISTIC

14. Antagonistic Pairs Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs,
so when one muscle contracts and pulls,
the other relaxes to allow the joint to work
The biceps and triceps are arranged in an
antagonistic pair to allow movement in the
forearm
This pair of muscles work antagonistically
during a bicep curl and a tricep dip

15. Antagonistic pairs
A muscle must work in partnership with another muscle to allow movement to occur.
The muscle that causes the movement (the pulling muscle) is called the AGONIST or PRIME MOVER. When this muscle pulls in becomes shorter.
During this time the other muscle within this partnership is relaxing. This muscle is called the ANTAGONIST and is lengthening while it relaxes.
EXAMPLE:
When we flex our elbow the bicep is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist. However these roles are reversed when the elbow straightens with the tricep becoming the agonist and the bicep becoming the antagonist.

16. Muscles in relation to bone
Muscles are attached to bone by TENDONS.
The tendons at the point of movement are called the INSERTION and the ones at the point that does not move are called the ORIGIN.

17. Agonist
Origin
Antagonist
Insertion
Insertion
Antagonist
Agonist
Origin

18. The Muscles

19. There are 11 specific muscles you need to know for the examination:
The Muscles
There are 11 specific muscles you need
to know for the examination:
Task 2
Label your Diagram to stick in for revision!!

20. Learning Objectives
Developing: Understand what the muscular system is and what roles it has.
Securing: Explain the differences between a Voluntary and Involuntary muscles.
Exceeding: Justify why Muscles are in a pairs and the correct term for them.

21. What do you Know about voluntary and involuntary muscles?
GREEN = Nothing PINK = Some ORANGE = Confident

22. Lesson 2- Muscular system
Developing- Recap on Antagonistic muscles and types of muscle contractions.
Securing- Identify all the major muscles in the body and how they can be strengthened.
Exceeding- To be able to use these key terms in exam style questions.

23. Starter On a sticky note, answer the below questions?
What does antagonist mean?
Why do they muscles work in pairs?
3. Howe many pairs can you remember from last lesson?

24. Task 2- Draw table in book and complete
Sporting Action
Type of Movement
Prime Mover
Origin
Insertion
Kicking a Football
Extension at the knee
Quadriceps
Pelvis
Tibia
Shooting in Basketball

25. The Muscles

26. The Deltoid What's its antagonistic pair?
The deltoid gives the rounded shape of the shoulder
It abducts (takes away) the upper arm from the body
Don’t Take notes!!
What's its antagonistic pair?

27. The Trapezius

28. The Latissimus Dorsi What's its antagonistic pair?
Its function is to abduct (take away) and rotate the arms. This draws them back and inwards to the body
What's its antagonistic pair?

29. The Pectoral Muscle

30. The Abdominal Muscles

31. The Biceps & Triceps
When the arm is extended (straightened), the triceps contracts and the biceps relaxes.
When the arm is flexed (bent), the triceps relaxes and the biceps contracts

32. The Gluteal Muscles What's its antagonistic pair?
Its function is to pull the leg backwards (extend)
What's its antagonistic pair?

33. The Quadriceps
Its function is to extend (straighten) the leg at the knee joint

34. The Hamstrings What's its antagonistic pair?
The hamstrings are found on the
back of the leg and stretch from the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia
Its function is to bend (flex) the knee
What's its antagonistic pair?

35. The Gastrocnemius
Its function is to point the toes (plantar flex) away from the foot

36. Task 1- Complete worksheet.
Describe the muscles
Match up the muscle pairs
Give sporting examples on how to the strengthen the muscle
If you don’t finish- Complete form Homework!

37. Types of muscular contractions
Isotonic Contractions
These contractions occur when there is movement of the body. The ends of the muscles move closer together to cause the movement.
Isometric Contractions
This type of contraction takes place when the body is being held in the same position. The length of the muscle during these contractions stays the same length.

38. Types of movements Flexion
This is when the angle at a joint is reduced.
Extension
This is when the angle at a joint increases.
Adduction
This is when the movement brings parts of the body back towards the centre.
Abduction
This is when parts of the body move away from the centre.

39. Lesson 3- Muscular Endurance
Developing- Understand the different muscle fibers and what activity they are best suited for.
Securing- Highlight the short term and long term affects of exercise and how diet affects the MS.
Exceeding- Justify this knowledge through the use of sporting examples in exam style questions.

40. Complete the sheet to recap on prior knowledge so far.
Starter
Complete the sheet to recap on prior knowledge so far.

41. Good posture
GOOD POSTURE allows the following things to occur within the body:
When breathing there is more room for the lungs to expand and operate.
Allows the heart more space to function properly.
Allows the digestive system space to work well and do its job.
Helps a person bone alignment. This reduces strain placed on bones, tendons and ligaments so by preventing injury.
There is more energy available for exercise as the muscles do not need to work as hard to keep the body stable.
Increases a persons self esteem and makes them look impressive to others.

42. Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres
Fast Twitch
These are used in events that require short bursts of energy.
They are used in sports that require more explosive actions.
These type of fibres contract fast and produce powerful actions.
However these types of fibres tire very quickly.
WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE WOULD THESE FIBRES BE USED IN?

43. Fast and slow twitch muscle fibres
These are used in events that are slow and prolonged.
They are used in sports that require more endurance.
These type of fibres contract over and over again and stay efficient for long periods of time.
These fibres have much better oxygen supplies which allows them to keep going.
WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE WOULD THESE FIBRES BE USED IN?

44. Immediate affects of exercise
Task 1: Make a spider Diagram with all the short term affects of exercise on the Muscular system?

45. Short term affects of exercise

46. Long term effects of exercise on the Muscular system
1.Muscle hypertrophy - when using the principle progressive overload, the muscle’s fibres become torn causing trauma. The muscle will rebuild itself, making it slightly stronger. This increase in muscle mass is muscle hypertrophy. What is the reverse of this?
2. Increase in muscular strength - muscle hypertrophy will lead to increased muscular strength. This can also lead to an increase in power (strength x speed.
3. Increase in muscular endurance - as with muscular strength, muscles will be able to withstand more and more and they are progressively overloaded, therefore muscular endurance will increase.

47. Diet- How it affects your performance
Use your revision books and note down the important points on Diet.

48. 15. A healthy, active ;lifestyle will have an impact on the body systems. Describe some of the effects of participation on the body's muscular system.
In your answer you may consider:
The immediate and short term effects of participation on each system
The effects of regular participation and long term effects on each system.

49. Lesson 4- Muscular system
Developing- Understand the effects of performance enhancing drugs on the Muscular system.
Securing: Highlight the different injuries of the muscles caused by over use.
Exceeding: Give in depth descriptions of different factors affecting the MS including sporting examples.

50. Starter What can you remember on performance enhancing drugs?
- Discuss or note it down.

51. Performance enhancing drugs
Performance enhancing drugs can have an impact on muscle size, they are usually illegal and have detrimental side effects.
You need to know the most common ones used and why they are used.
Peptide hormones, anabolic steroids, blood doping & narcotic analgesics.

52. Task 1
GUESS THE DRUG?
- Write on the sticky note a drug and stick it on your partners head.
You then have the speak for 30 seconds about that drug before your partner can guess what the drug is your talking about.
Don’t guess before the time is up.

53. Injury on the muscles
What are the most common injuries on the Muscular system?
Muscle Strain
Muscle Sprain
Tennis elbow

54. Muscle strain
The most common injury of the muscles and should be dealt with quickly.
How? Overstretching of muscle
When? Twist or wrench of muscle.
Where? Any muscle in the body.
Effects? Area becomes weakened as a result.
How to avoid? Warm up
What to do when injured? RICE

55. Muscle Sprain
Occur during training/competition. Medical advice should be sought.
How? Ankle or wrist twisted suddenly.
When? Changing direction, landing heavy.
Where? Ankle or wrist.
Effects on body? Tears ligaments, extremely painful.
What to do? RICE if more serious Xray.
How to avoid? Improve strength of the area.

56. Tennis Elbow
Where the outer part of the elbow becomes sore. Caused by repetitive actions on the elbow.
How? Over use of the tendon.
When? Playing tennis, wrong size handle.
Where? Elbow joint
Effects? Inflamed elbow
What to do? RICE
How to avoid? Moderate amount of play and correct size equipment.

57. Task 2
Using your workbook paraphrase the rest information into bullet points.

58. Past paper questions Revise for your test Next Monday
Describe the cause and effect of muscle strain (3) 
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Revise for your test Next Monday