1. Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002
Anglicky v odborných předmětech "Support of teaching technical subjects in English“
Tutorial: Mechanik - elektrotechnik
Topic: Basics of electrical engineering
the 2nd. year, Three-phase current
Prepared by: Škarka Miloš
Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/
je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

2. Comprehensive Line-to-line (or Line) 3x400v
Three-phase system is a system of three harmonic voltages of the same frequency and amplitude, which have different, but same phase shift towards each other.
Three phase has in comparison with one-phase these advantages::
simultaneous presence of two levels of voltage:
Phase x230v
Comprehensive Line-to-line (or Line) 3x400v
Uncomplicated commencement of the torque is the main advantage allowing function and simple construction of rotating electric machines

3. Three-phase alternator construction
Turboalternator stator in assembly.
Alternator rotor
Machine set – turbine with alternator
Basic parts of the alternator are immovable stator and a rotor rotating on the shaft. Synchronous alternator has three-phase winding on the stator and so called rousing winding on the rotor.

4. Commencement of the voltage in alternator
Jestliže turbína nebo jiný pohon otáčí rotorem a v jeho budicím vinutí prochází stejnosměrný proud, vzniká točivé magnetické pole, které v trojfázovém vinutí statoru vyvolá (indukuje) trojfázové střídavé napětí.To je přímo úměrné otáčkám a buzení rotoru.
Three-phase generator of the alternating current
If the turbine or other drive rotates the rotor and there is a direct current passing through its rousing winding, the rotating magnetic field commences. This causes (induces) three-phase alternating voltage in the three-phase stator winding. It is directly proportional to revs and rousing of the rotor.

5. Course of the voltage
All coils are the same and they are located near the same magnet. The course of the voltage will be the same on all coils, but it will differ in the shift in time, the courses on each coil will be delayed. The difference between coils is one third of the rev (120°), the magnet will need one third of the period T to turn from one coil to another, courses will so be delayed for one third of the period.

6. Maximum and effective value
Sinus course of voltage or intensity
1) Maximum value
2) Top voltage
3) Effective value
4) Period
Effective value of alternating voltage (Uef) is equal to the value of direct voltage, which would give the same average performance, if attached to resistance strain

7. Phase and comprehensive voltage
Phase conductor
Phase conductor
Phase conductor
230V
Null conductor
The voltage induced on individual coils has sine course. The voltage between the phase and the null conductor is called phase voltage - Effective value of the phase voltage is 230 V.
The voltage between two phase conductors equals the sum of voltages induced on two coils and it is called comprehensive line voltage.

8. Aktivita pro žáky – povinný snímek Úkol, test, otázky … .
There is a course of voltage on the first coil drawn on the picture. Draw the course of voltage on remaining coils into the picture
Describe main parts of alternator
Explain commencement of the voltage on coils

9. Put down the amount of voltage between individual conductors
Explain the term phase and comprehensive line voltage
Describe which voltages do numbers 1-4 determine.
Explain the term effective value of alternating voltage
Amplitude of alternating voltage measured by the oscilloscope is 360V, what is the effective value?

10. Literature Základy elektrotechniky 2, L.VOŽENÍLEK- F. STIBŮREK