1. Flexibility and Muscles
3rd – 5th Grade
TEKS
3rd Grade:
Participate in appropriate exercise for developing flexibility in arms, shoulders, legs, back, and trunk. (3.3C)
Identify eight major muscle groups and the movements they cause. (3.L)
4th Grade:
Identify and demonstrate a variety of exercises to promote flexibility. (4.3C)
Improve flexibility in arms, shoulders, trunk, back, and legs. (4.3D)
Identify major muscle groups and the movements they cause. (4.4D)
5th Grade:
Describe common skeletal problems and their effect on the body such as spinal curvatures. (5.4G )
Match different types of physical activity with health-related fitness components such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. (5.4C )
Identify eleven major muscle groups and describe the structure and function of the muscular system as they relate to physical performance such as muscles pull on bones to cause movement, muscles work in pairs, and muscles work by contracting and relaxing. (5.4E)
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3-5

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 3rd and 4th Grade
Why is it important to be flexible?
How do your muscles cause movement?
What is the purpose of the muscular system?
5th Grade
How do muscles and bones work together to produce movement?
How can you become more flexible?
3-5
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3. Word Bank Flexibility – ability to bend, reach and stretch comfortably
Muscle – muscles control movement and are attached to bones
Contract – to tighten a muscle
Relax – to make less tense
Joint – the place where two bones meet
Range of motion – how much a joint will allow its bones, ligaments, and tendons to move
Static stretch – a stretch that is held for a specific amount of time
Ballistic stretch – a bouncing stretch that increases the risk for muscle injuries, unless associated with a specific sport
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3-5

4. What is the muscular system?
The muscular system is all of the muscles in our body that help us move.
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5. How many muscles do you have ?
About 650 muscles
They make up half of your body weight.
MUSCLES
OTHER STUFF
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6. Flexibility is the ability to bend, reach and stretch comfortably.
You lengthen your muscles when you stretch.
Stretching will increase your flexibility and range of motion. (How far your joints are able to move.)
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7. How can stretching improve your flexibility?
Discuss how animals know why stretching is good for their body…(it is instinctive, it feels good, keep their body healthy, it helps them (the cats) always land on their feet)
Why is it important to be flexible?
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Teacher Note: Advance to the next slide for another question.

8. Why is the muscular system important?
Help move your bones
Open and close eyelids
Pump blood
Help you to run and play
Help you to smile
Muscles control movements. But muscles cannot work alone.
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Teacher Note: Advance to the next slide for more information.
3-5

9. Tendons
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons.
When you use a muscle, it pulls on the tendon which moves the bones close to it. When you bend your knee, you use the muscles in your leg to pull the bones in the lower leg back and forward.
When you use a muscle, it pulls on the tendon which moves the bone that it is attached to.
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10. Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg.
Try This...
Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg.
This is the thickest tendon in your body.
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11. How do muscles and bones work together to produce movement?
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12. Abdominal Pectoral Muscles
Your pectoral muscles are on each side of your chest. They help you move your arms across your body.
Your abdominal muscles are also known as stomach muscles. They are part of your core muscles which help keep your body stable and balanced. We use them to do curl ups.
3-5
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13. Quadriceps Hamstrings Muscles Quadriceps Hamstrings
Your hamstrings muscle is on the back and side of your thigh. It helps you sit, walk, jog, and do almost any activity involving your legs.
Your quadriceps muscle is on the front and side of your thigh. It helps you stand, walk, jog, and do almost any activity involving your legs.
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
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14. Gluteus Maximus Muscles
Gluteus maximus is a large muscle on your bottom. It helps the leg straighten at the hip when you walk, run, or climb. It also helps you stand from a sitting position.
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15. Biceps Triceps Muscles
Your biceps muscle is in the front of your upper arm. It helps you bend your elbow and rotate your arm.
Your triceps muscle is in the back of your upper arm. It helps you straighten your elbow and rotate your arm.
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3-5

16. Trapezius Deltoid Muscles
Your trapezius muscle is on back of your neck and runs down the middle of your back to a point. It helps you tilt your head back.
Your deltoid muscle is rounded part of your shoulder and upper arm. It helps move your arm.
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17. Gastrocnemius Latissimus Dorsi Muscles
Your latissimus dorsi muscle located low to middle of your back. It pulls the arm backward so you can swim or row.
Your gastrocnemius muscle is your calf muscle. It helps push the body forward as you walk or run.
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18. Where are the muscles you have learned?
Abdominals
Biceps
Pectorals
Quadriceps 1. 4. 2. 3.
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Teacher Note: Advance to the next slide for the rest of the Muscles
3-5

19. Where are the muscles you have learned?1. 4.
Deltoids
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
Triceps 5. 2. 6. 3. 7.
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20. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e
McGraw Hill -
FITT Formula
Frequency times per week
Intensity 10% beyond normal length of muscle
Time seconds, 3-5 reps (rest 30 sec between reps)
Type Static stretching
The FIT formula for static stretching is as follows:
Frequency: at least 3x per week but can be every day
Intensity: about 10% beyond normal range of motion
Time: seconds per stretch
Type: Static Stretching
Since flexibility is joint specific it is important to stretch different muscle groups (book provides sample routine). Flexibility is related closely with muscular fitness. A good rule of thumb is to stretch what you strengthen and strengthen what you stretch. 5
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Concept 9 13

21. Types of stretching Static stretch - still Dynamic stretch – moving
Ex. Bend your leg and pull your heels towards your gluteus maximus.
Hold it still in the position for 10 seconds
Dynamic stretch – moving
Ex. Walk and with every 3rd step, bend your leg and pull your heels towards your gluteus maximus.
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22. Pectoral/Biceps Stretch
Perform each stretch.
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

23. Abdominal/Cobra Stretch
Perform each stretch.
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

24. Triceps Stretch Perform each stretch. 3-5
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

25. Deltoid Stretch Perform each stretch. 3-5
Students perform each stretch.
3-5
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26. Trapezius / Latissimus Dorsi Stretch
Perform each stretch.
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

27. Quadriceps Stretch Perform each stretch. 3-5
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

28. Hamstrings Stretch Perform each stretch. 3-5
Students perform each stretch.
3-5
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29. Gastrocnemius Stretch
Perform each stretch.
Students perform each stretch.
3-5
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30. Gluteus Maximus Stretch
Perform each stretch.
Students perform each stretch.
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3-5

31. C) Quadriceps What stretch is this? Triceps Hamstring Quadriceps
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32. A) Triceps What stretch is this? Triceps Hamstring Quadriceps
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33. B) Hamstrings What stretch is this? Triceps Hamstrings Quadriceps
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34. C) Trapezius What stretch is this? Gastrocnemius Pectoral/Biceps
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35. A) Gastrocnemius What stretch is this? Gastrocnemius Pectoral/Biceps
Trapezius
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36. B) Pectoral/Biceps What stretch is this? Gastrocnemius Pectoral/Biceps
Trapezius
B) Pectoral/Biceps
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37. What stretch is this? C) Abdominals (Cobra) Gluteus Maximus Deltoid
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38. A) Gluteus Maximus What stretch is this? Gluteus Maximus Deltoid
Abdominals
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39. B) Deltoid What stretch is this? Gluteus Maximus Deltoid Abdominals
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40. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 3rd and 4th Grade
Why is it important to be flexible?
How do your muscles cause movement?
What is the purpose of the muscular system?
5th Grade
How do muscles and bones work together to produce movement?
How can you become more flexible?
3-5
6/16/2015

41. Word Bank Flexibility – ability to bend, reach and stretch comfortably
Muscle – muscles control movement and are attached to bones
Contract – to tighten a muscle
Relax – to make less tense
Joint – the place where two bones meet
Range of motion – how much a joint will allow its bones, ligaments, and tendons to move
Static stretch – a stretch that is held for a specific amount of time
Ballistic stretch – a bouncing stretch that increases the risk for muscle injuries, unless associated with a specific sport
6/16/2015
3-5