1. Chapter 19 Secs 2 & 3

2. Section 3 – The Davis Administration
The Davis Administration’s Policies
Davis was supported by the Texas legislature.
* Dominated by Republicans, including 11 African Americans
Secret Societies, like the Ku Klux Klan, were trying to prevent African Americans from expressing political views.
* The legislature created a militia and police force which helped diminish the KKKs influence.
Davis wanted equality for African Americans.
* Did not want to see “black” or “white” in any law.

3. Schools were created for all Texas children.
* Taxes and money from public land sales help pay for school expenses.
* Enrollment in schools grew rapidly.
The legislature set aside money for transportation.
* Set aside money for roads and bridges.
* Issued bonds to pay for railroads.
The administration raised taxes to pay for schools, roads and the growing state government.

4. Opposition to Reconstruction
Southerners who supported Reconstruction = Scalawags.
Northerners who came to the south for political of financial gain = Carpetbagger.
Democrats opposed governor Davis and the Radical Republicans at every turn.
* Obnoxious Acts = Democrats term for new laws passed by Republicans.
Democrats accused Governor Davis of fraud.
Democrats accused Governor Davis of intimidating voters by using state police to guard voters.

5. The End of Reconstruction
1873 election for governor = Democrat Richard Coke easily defeats governor Davis. Democrats also take control of the legislature.
Republicans cry foul = Polls closed too early.
* Texas Supreme Court rules election unconstitutional.
Governor Davis allowed the Democratic legislature to meet, but remained in office.
* Governor brought in armed supporters.
* Legislature brought in armed supporters.
When governor Davis learned the federal government would not get involved he stepped down.
* When Richard Coke took office it marked the end of Reconstruction in Texas and began 100 years of Democratic control in Texas.

6. Radical Republicans Lose Power
* Scandals in President Grant’s administration.
* Financial panic in 1873.
Compromise of 1877
* 1876 Presidential Election between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden close.
* Each candidate claimed to have won.
* Democrats agree to allow Hayes to be elected in exchange for federal troops withdrawing from South.
Reconstruction was officially over.

7. Section 4 Texas After Reconstruction
The Texas Constitution of 1876
Democrats called for a new constitution.
* Governor’s term reduced to two years.
* Governor’s power to appoint officials reduced.
* Legislature to meet every two years.
Government Spending Limited.
* Legislature could not go more than $200,000 in debt.
* Spending proposals to be approved by Texas voters.
School funding cut.
* People complained about the taxes.
Constitution approved in February 1876.

8. Segregation and Jim Crow
As Democrats regained power, African Americans political power fell.
* As their political power fell, their civil rights were lost.
After Reconstruction Democrats known as “Redeemers” tried to restore the South to its prewar days.
* Limited the size of state government.
* Cut political participation to African Americans.
* Supported social separation of the races.
Jim Crow Laws = Laws passed to enforce segregation.
* African Americans (and in some towns Mexican Americans) could not eat in same restaurants as whites.
* Could not stay in same hotels, attend the same schools, or ride in the same railcars as whites.

10. Tenant Farming
Agriculture continued to be the main economic activity.
Many people, including African Americans, could not afford the land = They became tenant farmers = Rent the land for a portion of the crops.
Many couldn’t afford land or supplies (seed, plows, etc.) = Sharecroppers = Rent the land for a smaller portion of the crop.
To make a profit tenant farmers and sharecroppers were forced to grow cotton.
It was difficult for tenant farmers and sharecroppers to pay back their loans.
* As long as they owed money, they could not leave the land.
By 1880 about 40% Texas farmers worked as tenant farmers.