1. WHII.12 World War II

2. Objectives
p. 113
WHII.12 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by
a) explaining economic and political causes, describing major events, and identifying leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and Hirohito;
b) examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century;
c) explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the creation of international cooperative organizations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).

3. Essential Understandings
p. 114
12a Many economic and political causes led to World War II. Major theaters of war included Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Leadership was essential to the Allied victory.
12b There had been a climate of hatred against Jews in Europe and Russia for centuries.
12b Various instances of genocide occurred throughout the twentieth century.
12c The outcomes of World War II included the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the establishment of international cooperative organizations.
12c The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in 1948 to protect the “inherent dignity and…the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family….”

4. Essential Questions p. 114 12a What were the causes of World War II?
12a What were the major events of World War II?
12a Who were the major leaders of World War II?
12b Why did the Holocaust occur?
12b What are other examples of genocides in the twentieth century?
12c What were the outcomes of World War II?
12c What were the war crimes trials?
12c How did the Allies promote reconstruction of the defeated powers?
12c What were the international cooperative organizations created after World War II?

5. Why do I need to know this?
p. 114
Hitler’s actions set off WWII. The results of the war still affect the politics and economics of today’s
world.
2. WWII established the role of the U.S. as a leading player in international affairs.
3. The violence against Jews during the Holocaust led to the founding of Israel after WWII.
4. The Allies’ victory in WWII set up conditions for both the Cold War and today’s post-Cold War world.

6. Major Leaders of the War
p. 115

7. Allies p. 115 1. United States a. Franklin D. Roosevelt – US president
Harry Truman became president when FDR died in April 1945
b. Generals
Dwight D. Eisenhower – supreme Allied commander in Europe
Douglas MacArthur – US general in the Pacific
George Marshall – Army Chief of Staff during WWII
2. Britain – Winston Churchill – prime minister
3. U.S.S.R. – Joseph Stalin

8. Axis p. 115 1. Germany – Adolf Hitler – dictator of Germany
a. Erwin Rommel – the “Desert Fox”
2. Italy – Benito Mussolini – dictator of Italy
3. Japan
a. Hideki Tojo – Japanese general; directed the whole Japanese war effort
b. Isoroku Yamamoto – Japanese admiral – planned attack on Pearl Harbor
c. Hirohito – emperor of Japan

9. Causes of World War II p

10. Aggression by Totalitarian Powers
1. Japan overran Manchuria in September 1931
a. invaded China in summer of 1937
Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935
3. Germany – March 1936: Hitler invaded the Rhineland
a. March 1938 – Hitler marched troops into Austria, known as the
Anschluss

11. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

12. Japan Expansion

13. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

14. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

15. The “Problem” of the Sudetenland

16. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

17. Nationalism
p. 115
1. Hitler’s desire to unite all German-speaking people in one country
2. Mussolini’s desire to expand Italy’s influence and make it a world power
3. Japanese desire to unite all Asians under one empire and expel the European influence

18. The Treaty of Versailles
p. 115
1. harsh sanctions against Germany caused resentment of the other European nations

19. Weakness of the League of Nations
p. 115
1. Europe had looked to the US to take a lead role in the League of Nations
2. the League was unable to militarily help China and Ethiopia

20. Appeasement
p. 117
1. Great Britain and France were desperate to avoid another global war
2. September 12, 1938 – Hitler demanded the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) be given to Germany
a. Britain and France let him have it in the Munich Pact

21. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

22. Major Events of the War p

23. Just Before the War
p. 117
1. August 23, 1939 – Hitler and Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
a. Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack one another and agreed to split up Poland

24. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

25. September 1, 1939
p. 117
1. Germany invaded Poland (beginning of World War II)
2. blitzkrieg – lightning war
3. Poland fell in about 2½ weeks

26. Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

27. Blitzkrieg (Air)

29. Blitzkrieg (Land)

31. Fall of Poland

32. European Theater of Operations

33. April 9, 1940 p. 117 1. Germany invaded and took Norway
2. gave Germany access to the Atlantic Ocean

34. Fall of France p. 117 May 10, 1940 – Germany invaded France
snuck into France through the Ardennes Forest
3. allies were caught off guard and evacuated from Dunkirk on May 26, 1940
a. 338,000 soldiers over nine days – one of the largest evacuations of all time
June 14, 1940 – Germany captured Paris
5. France was divided into two sections
a. northern part was controlled by Germany
b. southern part was a puppet government sympathetic to the Nazis
called Vichy France – headed up by Marshall Philippe Petain
assisted in some military operations and finding Jews

35. Hitler in Paris

36. France 1940

38. Battle of Britain p. 117 1. battle for air control over Britain
2. August 1940 – Germany bombed airfields and aircraft factories
3. September 7 to November 3, 1940 – Germany bombed London
a. tried to damage the morale of the people – did not work
Battle

41. Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”

42. The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

43. The Royal Air Force (RAF)

44. The United States
p. 119
1937 – Congress passed Neutrality Acts enforcing a “cash and carry policy”
1940 – Destroyers for Bases Agreement FDR agreed to give Britain 50 destroyers for bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda and the British West Indies
1940 – Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act which authorized FDR to lend war equipment to any country deemed vital to the national security of the US

45. U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941
Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

46. Neutrality Acts

47. Lend Lease Act

48. German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa)
1. June 22, 1941 – Hitler attacked the USSR
a. Hitler claimed he needed the “living space” vital to Germany’s future
b. Ukrainian wheat and Caucasian oil
caught Stalin off guard
Stalin ordered a scorched-earth policy
captured over half a million Soviet soldiers
December 2, 1941 – the Germans were just outside Moscow
a. The Soviet Union began pushing the Germans back

49. Operation Barbarossa: Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

52. Prisoners of War
p. 119

53. The Holocaust p. 119 1. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s problems
2. The Aryan Master Race – tall, blond hair, blue-eyed Nordic
3. mid-1940 – Nazis began putting Jews in ghettoes and concentration camps
4. June 1941 – Nazis began the mass murdering of Jews, especially in the USSR
in Kiev, 35,000 were shot in two days
5. “The Final Solution”
Nazi program for the elimination of the Jewish race (genocide)
most Jews were sent to concentration camps and executed
6. the Nazis tried to keep the executions secret
7. little was done to help the Jews
g. by the end of the war, 6 million Jews executed and another 6 million “undesirables” executed

54. Ghettos

55. Concentration Camp

56. All Jews are Executed

57. Auschwitz

58. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

59. Bramabirkenau

60. Auschwitz

61. Final Solution

62. Bataan Death March
p. 121
1. Philippines were captured by the Japanese in March 1942
2. the Japanese forced the POWs to march over 100 miles in a week
3. out of 140,000 US POWs, about 50,000 died
4. Japanese soldiers often committed suicide rather than surrender

63. Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

64. Major Events of the War p

65. Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
The “Big Three”
Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin

66. Axis Powers in 1942

67. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor
1. July 1941 – the US placed an embargo on Japan for its taking of China and other southeast Asian countries
a. oil, food and seized Japanese assets in the US
Japan decided the US stood in its way to expand in Asia
December 7, 1941 – the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
a. “a date which will live in infamy”
b. sunk or disabled 19 American ships; destroyed 188 planes; killed 2,400 people

68. A date which will live in infamy!
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!

69. Hawaii

70. Pearl Harbor Map

71. Pearl Harbor 1

72. Pearl Harbor 2

73. USS Arizona

74. President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

75. Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans Dead!

76. Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943
German Army
Russian Army
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes

77. Turning Points
p. 121
1. July 1942 – February 1943: Battle of Stalingrad
a. Germans laid siege to Stalingrad
b. February 1943 – Russians defeated the Germans – turning point in the East
July 1943 – Allies invaded Italy
June 4, 1944 – Allies took Rome
June – the US defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Midway – turning point against Japan in the Pacific
5. November 1943 – the Japanese began using kamikaze pilots against the US Navy

78. Stalingrad

79. Battle of Stalingrad

80. Kamikaze

81. Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]

82. 6. D-Day – June 6, 1944 – turning point in western Europe a
6. D-Day – June 6, 1944 – turning point in western Europe a. Operation Overlord – planned invasion of Normandy b. 176,000 soldiers, 600 warships and 10,000 aircraft left England c. Opened up a second front in Europe d. August 25, 1944 – the Allies took Paris

83. D-Day Invasion

84. Storming the Beach

85. Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944)
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
D-Day

86. July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot Major Claus von Stauffenberg

87. July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
      this to a friend
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
1. Adolf Hitler 2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel 3. Gen Alfred von Jodl 4. Gen Walter Warlimont 5. Franz von Sonnleithner 6. Maj Herbert Buchs 7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz 8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein 9. Col Nikolaus von Below 10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss 11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant 12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured) 13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend 14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured)

88. The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945

89. Victory Over Germany
p. 121
Summer 1944 – the Soviets had forced Germany out of the USSR
December 1944 – Germany tried a last ditch effort at the Battle of the Bulge
April 1945 – US and Soviet troops met at the Elbe River
4. May 8, 1945 – V-E Day
a. the Germans surrendered
5. July 1945 – Potsdam Conference
a. Allies decided what to do with Germany
b. issued an unconditional surrender to Japan
“unconditionally surrender or face prompt and utter destruction”

90. V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
General Keitel

91. Potsdam Conference

92. Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
Cyanide & Pistols
The Führer’s Bunker
Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

94. Mussolini & His Mistress, Claretta Petacci Are Hung in Milan, 1945

96. The
Pacific
Theater

97. Pearl Harbor

98. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

99. Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle: First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

100. Victory Over Japan
p. 123
the US adopted an "island-hopping" campaign to get to Japan
used captured islands to launch bombers against Japanese cities
Nov Battle of Tarawa Island
a. of the 5,000 Japanese soldiers, only 17 were captured alive
4. early 1945 – Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
a. of 110,000 Japanese defenders, only 11,000 survived

101. Pacific Theater of Operations

102. Allied Counter-Offensive: “Island-Hopping”

103. Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle: First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

104. Battle of Midway Island: June 4-6, 1942

105. Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers

106. US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

107. The Manhattan Project: Los Alamos, NM
I am become death, the shatterer of worlds!
Major General Lesley R. Groves
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer

108. Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew

109. Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

110. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 70,000 killed immediately.
48,000 buildings. destroyed.
100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

111. 5. August 6, 1945 – 1st atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 6
5. August 6, 1945 – 1st atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 6. August 9, 1945 – 2nd atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki 7. August 14, 1945 – Japan formally surrendered

112. Island Hopping

113. Atomic Bomb

114. Atomic Bomb

115. Hiroshima and Nagasaki

116. Hiroshima

117. Hiroshima

118. Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

119. Radiation from the Atomic Bomb

120. Outcomes of World War II
p. 123

121. Casualties p. 123 1. 50 million people died
a. USSR – 13.7 million soldiers and 7 million civilians (20.7 million total)
b. Germany – 3.5 million soldiers and 2.8 million civilians (6.3 million total)
c. Japan million soldiers and 672,000 civilians (2 million total)
d. France – 210,000 soldiers and 350,000 civilians (560,000 total)
e. Britain – 264,000 soldiers and 93,000 civilians (357,000 total)
f. U.S. – 292,000 soldiers 6,000 civilians (298,000 total)
g. China – 2 million soldiers and 7.8 million civilians (9.8 million total)
h. Poland – 123,000 soldiers and 5.7 million civilians (5.8 million total)

123. establishment of two major powers
The US and the USSR
Created a fierce rivalry between the two countries

124. War Crimes Trials
p. 123
November 1945 – September 1946 – Nuremburg Trials for Nazi leaders
2. Japanese military leaders were also tried for war crimes

125. United Nations p. 123 replaced the failed League of Nations
quickly drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government

126. Division of Europe – the Iron Curtain
the USSR took control of many Eastern European countries and established communist governments there
2. western Europe remained democratic

127. Postwar Germany and Japan

128. Efforts for reconstruction of Germany
p. 125
1. democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin
2. Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers
3. West Germany soon became an economic power in postwar Europe

129. Efforts for reconstruction of Japan
1. US occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administration
a. kept the emperor as a figure head
b. set up a democratic government
2. helped rebuild Japanese cities and economy
a. Japan soon became an economic power in Asia
3. elimination of Japanese offensive military capabilities
4. United States’ guarantee of Japan’s security

130. Times Square, NYC