1. Immune System By Ann Gadson
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2. STANDARDS
SC.912.L Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics.
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
SC.6.L.14.5 Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.
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3. Day 1: Function and Major Parts
Immune System: made up of tissues and specialized white blood cells that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body
Immunity: the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease.
Immunity can be passed from mother to fetus.
Immunity can also result from being infected with a disease or from being vaccinated.
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4. Day 1: Function and Major Parts
A pathogen is an organism, virus, or protein that causes disease.
Protectors:
Skin, hair, nails – provide external protection against pathogens that may enter the body
White blood cell – a macrophage is a white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them
Antigen – a substance that stimulates a response by the immune system, i.e. chemicals, pollen, viruses
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5. Day 1: Function and Major Parts
T cells can coordinate the body’s immune response and attack infected cells.
Helper T cells activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells.
B cells – Activated by helper T cells; make antibodies that attach to specific antigens
An antibody is a specialized protein that binds to a specific antigen to tag it for destruction.
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6. Day 2: Bell Ringer/Do Now
What are the functions of each of the different types of white blood cells?
Macrophages – destroy pathogens by engulfing and digesting them
Helper T Cells – activate killer T cells, which attack infected body cells
B-Cells– make antibodies that attach to specific antigens
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7. KWL Chart
Complete the first two columns of the KWL chart based on the following guiding questions, emphasizing the bolded vocabulary words.
What are antigens, antibodies, and the immune response?
How do specific and non-specific immune responses differ?
What is a vaccine?
What are antibiotics?
Answer the “What I Learned” section of the KWL chart and turn it in before leaving the classroom.
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8. Day 2: Function and Major Parts
Once a body has found a pathogen, the body produces memory cells.
Memory cells are T cells and B cells that remember specific pathogens.
A vaccination is a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to produce immunity.
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9. Day 2: Function and Major Parts
Specific Immune Response: Immunity acquired by infection or vaccination (active immunity) or by the transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (passive immunity).
Specific immune response is also known as acquired immunity
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10. Day 2: Function and Major Parts
Non-Specific Immune Response (Non- Specific Immunity): Immunity that is naturally present and is not due to prior sensitization to an antigen from an outside source, such as an infection or vaccination. Since it is not stimulated by specific antigens, innate immunity is generally nonspecific.
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11. Day 2: Function and Major Parts
Antibiotics are medicines used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria.
Antibiotics do not work on viruses.
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12. Day 2: Function and Major Parts
Vaccine: a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases
prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute
treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.
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