1. What are the demographic factors that cause population change?
22 November 2017
What are the demographic factors that cause population change?
Learning Objective:
To investigate any relationships between demographic data for different countries
Essential: will be able to define population measures
Stretch: will know the usefulness of population measures
Challenge: will display and analyse of data

2. For your exam you must be confident in:
Defining all population measures
Usefulness of population measures
Displaying and interpreting population measures

3. Population definitions
Your task: Match the definitions of the population measures
Natural increase
Dependent population
Economically active population
Death rate
Infant mortality
Fertility rate
Demography
Life expectancy
Birth rate
The study of human populations.
The average number of years from birth that a person can expect to live.
The average number of live births per 1000 people per year.
The average number of deaths per 1000 people per year
The number of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age (15-45) per year.
Number of deaths under the age of 1/ per 1000 live births per year.
People who are under 15 and over 65 years of age, who are dependent on the economically active population
The total population between the ages of 15 and 64 in any country.
The difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

4. Jan 2012
Your task: Answer question 5a only on your sheet.

5. For your exam you must be confident in:
Defining all population measures
Usefulness of population measures
Displaying and interpreting population measures

6. JAN 2010 Your task: Answer question 5b on your sheet.
You are required to know how useful each method is when looking at population. When evaluating a method you should:
Define it
Describe what it is
What does it show about a country or population?
How does it impact on other population measures?
How does it vary between countries
Evaluate the usefulness and question it

7. Peer assess
Infant mortality is the number of deaths under 1 (per 1000 live births per year) (1).
It reflects the deaths in one of the most vulnerable age groups (1);
those who are most susceptible to die from famine, as a result of floods, earthquakes, epidemics (1).
It implies much about levels of development and standard of living (1)
regarding access to clean water (1),
medical care/hospitals/doctors/ vaccines/drugs (1).
High levels are often responsible for high levels of births to ensure the survival of most of family (1).
Responses may be generic or evaluate with specific reference to data; extent of correlation may be considered or its usefulness may be questioned.

8. Level 3 (Detailed) 13-15 marks
Jan 2013
15 Marks
Level 1 (Basic) 1-6 marks
Level 2 (Clear) 7-12 marks
Level 3 (Detailed) marks
Defines measures.
Notes variation between rich and poor areas – MEDCs and LEDCs/countries.
Simple, random pints – may drift from focus – e.g. into DTM, population policies per se.
Begins to discuss.
Links to usefulness of measure as indicator of development and describes how measure(s) varies/ vary between countries.
Some support – approximate/rings true.
Discussion is to the fore.
There is a focus on the usefulness of at least two measures as indicator of development.
Questions usefulness/is aware of a more complex split than richer and poorer/sees that measures used together is a better option than just one.
Points often accurately supported.

10. For your exam you must be confident in:
Defining all population measures
Usefulness of population measures
Displaying and interpreting population measures

11. WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE?
Demographic relates to characteristics of human population such as age, gender, education, population size, population density, population distribution, birth rates, death rates, to name a few. Therefore demographic change means any changes in these characteristics.
Population change is the change in population over a given period, expressed in absolute figures or proportional figures (rate of change).

12. d) Compare the trends over the two periods.
Q1. Study table 1 below which shows total world population from 1950, projected to 2050.
Display this data on a separate sheet of graph paper using any suitable technique.
Describe the trend in total world population from 1950 to the present day.
c) Summarise the projected trend in total world population from the present day to 2050.
d) Compare the trends over the two periods.
15 Minutes

14. Q1. a) A line graph to display the data, as below:
b) Global population has been rising from 1950 onwards, with the steepest rise being in the 1980’s and 1990’s. The period since 2000 has witnessed a slower increase in global population.
c) The global population is estimated to be in the region of 9 billion by 2050 – 50% more people living on the planet than in 2000.
d) higher rate of increase than from 2008 to 2050.

15. Compare the trends over the two periods.
Q2. Study table 2 below which shows world population change per year from 1950, projected to 2050.
Display this data on a separate sheet of graph paper using any suitable technique.
Report on the trends in world population change from 1950 to the present day.
Give an account of the projected trends in world population change from the present day to 2050.
Compare the trends over the two periods.
15 Minutes

17. Q2. a)
b) Largest rates of increase during the period from 1980 – 95 (these high numbers of young people added result in an inbuilt population momentum, as they go on to have their own families). Lowest rate from 1950 – General increase in rate from 1950 – 1990, drop from though. Decline in rate from 1990 to the present day.
c) Overall decrease in rate of growth from the present day to Steady till 2015, uniform rate of decrease from 2015 to 2050.
d) General growth in rate from 1950 to the present day (decline from 1990 to 2008 though). Decrease in rate of growth from present day to 2050.

18. Q3. Figure 3 below is a graph showing where the world’s population will live in 2050 compared to 2005.
Which areas will experience the greatest increase in population by 2050?
Which areas will experience a decrease in population by 2050?

19. b) Describe the patterns and changes that have taken place.
Q4a) Table 4 below lists the world’s ten most populous countries in 2005 and Display this data on the world map using any suitable method.
b) Describe the patterns and changes that have taken place.
Rank
2005 population (millions)
2050 population (millions) 1
China - 1,300
India - 1,628 2
India - 1,087
China - 1,437 3
USA - 294
USA - 420 4
Indonesia - 219
Indonesia - 308 5
Brazil - 179
Nigeria - 307 6
Pakistan - 159
Pakistan - 295 7
Russia - 144
Bangladesh - 280 8
Bangladesh - 141
Brazil - 221 9
Nigeria - 137
DR Congo - 181 10
Japan - 128
Ethiopia - 173
Table 4: The world’s ten most populous countries in 2005 and 2050
Choropleth shading
Proportional bars
Flow lines from country
How can we display data on a map?

21. Q3. a)&b) All regions of the world will experience an increase except Europe. 90% of the increase in global population will occur in Africa and Asia. The proportion living in developed countries is likely to decrease, while a higher proportion will live in developing countries.
Q4.
a) You should display the data using proportional bars with the base being placed in each country in the table where possible. Where this is not possible a line can be drawn from the bars to the country. Two bars, one for 2005 and one for 2050 will be needed for some countries and should be shaded different colours as indicated in a key.
The scale – 1cm=200million is the best option though.
b) Pupils should emphasise the large populations that will be living in China and S. Asia by They should also note that in 2005 the USA, Russia and Japan are on the list, but by 2050 only the USA remains. They should also point out how by 2050 a number of African countries have entered the list, Nigeria being joined by the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia.

22. Q5
What is the balance between births and deaths that results in population growth?
List three ways the balance between births and deaths can result in population growth.

24. Q5.
a) When birth rates exceed death rates. b)
Stable death rates but increasing birth rates
Declining death rates but increasing birth rates
Increasing death rates but birth rates at an even higher increase in birth rates
Declining death rates and declining birth rates, where the decline in birth rates is slower than that of death rates.

25. Describe areas of high rates of population growth (over 30%).
Q6a). Identify the main features of global population change between 1990 and 2000
Guidance
Describe areas of high rates of population growth (over 30%).
Describe areas which showed a lower rate of growth.
Describe areas that showed little positive change (less than 10%).
Describe areas with modest rates of population growth (10 – 30%)
Remember that the question has not asked us to explain, just to identify (i.e. describe)
Figure 5: The global distribution of population change, 1990 – 2000

26. EXAM FOCUS:
It is important to improve your ability to describe the essential features of any distribution map (you have already attempted questions on this – review your progress). This is a task frequently required in examinations.
JAN 2010
Level 1 (1 – 4 marks)
Describes the pattern generally and randomly.
Begins to explain.
Emphasis is likely to be on one component.
Level 2 (5 – 7 marks)
Description of pattern is clear (fuller, more detailed) and supported by
evidence. May identify exceptions.
A balanced account where explanation is clearly addressed.
Appropriate terminology is used.
Highest life expectancy – is found in Japan, Australia and western
Europe USA and part of southern South America -74+.
Lowest life expectancy occurs in much of sub-Saharan Africa where it is
below 50. It reaches 41 in significant area. Apart from the countries
along the Mediterranean, life expectancy is below 64. Much of Asia is
58+ although China and parts of Malaysia, Thailand have higher levels
at 69+.
Reasons relate to levels of development – with generally the more
developed areas having higher life expectancy. However, this is not
always the case – China as an emerging world power and NIC has life
expectancy of 69+, whilst the ageing population in some areas may
reduce the figures, so too may lifestyle. Lowest life expectancy in Africa
can be linked to the prevalence of AIDS. Generally, access to
appropriate food sources, medical care etc. will explain the differences
in levels globally.
7 Marks

27. For your exam you must be confident in:
Defining all population measures
Usefulness of population measures
Displaying and interpreting population measures

29. Your task: Create six scattergraphs using the instructions on page 158-159.
Demographic data to plot (one per scattergraph):
1 – Population (millions)
2 – BR (%)
3 – DR (%)
4 – Infant Mortality Rate (%)
5 – LE (years)
6 – Fertility Rate/woman
For each scattergraph note down:
1 – If there is positive, negative or no correlation
2 – What this means and possible reasons for this finding. Are there any surprising findings?

30. POPULATION
June 2011
6 Marks

31. 5 (b) There should be recognition of the role of immigration, natural increase and the
fact that these two are clearly interlinked. Reference may also be made to reasons for higher levels of births.
Reference therefore is likely to be made to the increasing numbers due to natural increase in 2009, whereas for 10 years before the increase was due to immigration – and reflective of the age structure of migrants. Numbers coming in still result in an increase overall – without them population would fall. Births have increased amongst British born women and immigrants – possibly due to better conditions for maternity leave, tax credits.
Comment may note the change over time, the links between the two components and the underlying reasons for increased births such as increased maternity leave.
(6 marks)
Level 1 (Basic) 1-4 marks Describes causes – select relevant parts of article
Describes information in Figure 6 regarding cause – sees separately.
Limited use of newspaper extract – lifts relevant parts at lower end.
Some use of appropriate terminology.
Tentative / implicit comment may be present.
Level 2 (Clear) 5-6 marks Uses article, has overview of causes. Clear comment
Response targets question – both command words addressed.
Effective use of newspaper extract.
Aware of causes and links between them.
Clear, relevant comment.
Appropriate terminology used.
POPULATION
June 2011