1. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Cell Energy
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

3. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

4. Uses for ATP Provides energy for active transport
Move organelles inside the cells
Transmits nerve impulses
Contract muscles
Plants during photosynthesis to make glucose

5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

6. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

7. Cellular Respiration
Process used in cells to break down glucose and produce ATP
Chemical Formula:
C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide water energy

8. Mitochondria

9. 3 Phases of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

10. Cellular Respiration Diagram
Occurs in cytoplasm
Occurs in matrix
Occurs in cristae

11. Glycolysis Summary Takes place in the CYTOPLASM
ANAEROBIC (doesn’t use OXYGEN)
NETS 2 ATP

12. Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration Pathways Is Oxygen Present?
YES NO
Aerobic Respiration
Needs oxygen
Takes place in mitochondria
KREB’S CYCLE – 2 ATP
ETC – 34 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration
No oxygen needed
Takes place in cytoplasm
GLYCOLYSIS – 2 ATP
FERMENTATION
Animals – LACTIC ACID
Plants - ALCOHOLIC

13. Fermentation Summary Occurs when oxygen is NOT present (ANAEROBIC)
Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in Muscle Cells (makes them tired)
Alcoholic Fermentation occurs in plant cells and yeasts (makes ethanol)
Nets 2 ATP

14. Kreb’s Cycle Requires Oxygen Takes place in the Mitochondria
The cycle is a series of eight reactions. These reactions take a two carbon molecule (acetate) and completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide.
Nets 2 ATP

15. Electron Transport Chain Summary
Occurs in the Mitochondria
Produces Water (H₂O)
Nets 34 ATP

16. Photosynthesis
Process that uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen
Chemical Formula:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂0₆ + 6O₂
carbon dioxide water light energy glucose + oxygen

17. Photosynthesis

18. CHLOROPLAST

19. Two Parts of Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reactions
Light Independent (Calvin Cycle) Reactions
Requires light
Electrons in chlorophyll absorb light energy
Energy from electrons converts ADP to ATP
Water molecules split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions & electrons
H+ ions attach to carrier molecules to be used later
Does NOT require light
Carbon dioxide & hydrogen ions combine to form simple sugars
Simple sugars are stored as complex carbs (cellulose and starch)

20. Light dependent
Light independent