1. Chapter 1 Atomic Structures and Matter

2. Discuss with your classmates and define matter in your own words.
Matter and Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties and the changes it can undergo.
Discuss with your classmates and define matter in your own words.

3. Matter Does all the "stuff" work with the definition you came up with?
Matter –anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Look around the classroom. Can you identify any examples of matter?
Does all the "stuff" work with the definition you came up with?
Where did it all come from?

4. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Examples:
A brick has mass and takes up space
A desk has mass and takes up space
A pencil has mass and takes up space
Air has mass and takes up space
All of the above examples are considered matter because they have mass and take up space. Can you think of anything that would not be considered matter?

5. Mass vs. Weight Weight Mass the force of gravity on an object
a measure of how much matter an object is made of
does not change, regardless of where something or someone is
Weight
the force of gravity on an object
equal to the mass of the body times the local acceleration of gravity
Why do you think the person’s weight is less on the moon?
Mass = 59 kg
Mass = 59 kg
Weight = 579 N
Weight = 96 N

6. An atom is the smallest indivisible and indestructable unit of matter.
What Are Atoms?
All the matter in the universe is composed of basic building blocks called atoms.
An atom is the smallest indivisible and indestructable unit of matter.
Atoms are really small!
If you made a tiny dot with the tip of a sharp graphite pencil, that little dot would have about four billion billion carbon atoms in it.

7. What Are Atoms?
Atoms – the smallest unit of an element *Building blocks of matter*
How are atoms like legos? Discuss with your classmates?

8. What Are Atoms? Atoms are the basic units of matter and indivisible.
You can break the lego house into individual lego pieces, but individual legos cannot be broken down further and still be
functional legos.
Similiarly, matter can be broken down into atoms, but atoms cannot be further divided and maintain their properties and function.

9. Almost 99% of the human body is made up of just
Atoms and Elements
Like the lego house below is made up of different types of legos, matter is made up of different types of atoms called elements. Element- a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom
Amazingly, all of the matter in the Universe is made up of only around 100 different elements in various combinations.
Almost 99% of the human body is made up of just
6 different elements!

10. Elements are pure substances made from only one type of atom.
Atoms and Elements
Elements are pure substances made from only one type of atom.
Gold
Silver
Graphite(Carbon)
Neon Gas
Remember, one tiny dot of this contains about
4 billion billion atoms of the element carbon.

11. Atoms and Elements
Some pure substances, called compounds, are made up of combinations of different types of elements.
Water
Salt
Chalk
Bronze
Elements: hydrogen & oxygen
Elements: sodium & chlorine
Elements: calcium, carbon & oxygen
Elements: copper & tin

12. Which of the following would NOT be classified as matter?1
Which of the following would NOT be classified as matter?
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Answer E A
air B
water C
water vapor D
wood E
all are examples of matter

13. All matter is made up of individual units called _______.2
All matter is made up of individual units called _______.
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Answer B A
compounds B
atoms C
pure substances

14. _______ are pure substances made up of one specific type of ______.3
_______ are pure substances made up of one specific type of ______.
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Answer D A
atoms, element B
atoms, compound C
elements, compound D
elements, atom

15. The Makeup of Atoms
Atoms are made up of 3 parts, known as subatomic particles.
Each particle has a different charge.
Proton - Positive Charge
Neutron - Neutral Charge ( no charge )
Electron - Negative Charge
Memory tricks have been underlined for you!

16. Opposites Attract Electron Proton
Because you will need this information later, keep in mind this old phrase:
"Opposites Attract"
What this means is that, just like a magnet, the positive proton
and the negative electron attract each other!
Proton
Electron

17. The space between the nucleus and the electron shell is empty.
How are Atoms Arranged?
We now know that an atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and 

electrons... but how are these 3 particles arranged in the atom?
The center of the atom is called the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are found there.
Electrons move 
around the nucleus 

in the electron 

shell.
The space between the nucleus and the electron shell is empty.

18. Relative Size of Atomic Particles
Let's imagine an atom filled the distance from New York to Ohio.
That is about 1030km.
At this scale, the nucleus would only be about the length of a football 
field. A football field is only 100m.
A proton would be about the height of a three story apartment building! That is about 9m.
And an electron would be about the width of a blueberry. A blueberry is only 1cm.
What does that tell us about this drawing of an atom?Is it accurate?
Click here to watch a TedEd video on the size of an atom.

19. Pull the tab to the left for more information!
The First Two Elements H
Hydrogen
1.00 1 + -
Proton
Electron
[This object is a pull tab]
More Info.
Hydrogen is the most common
element (about 75% of the universe!)
It is made up of one proton and one electron.
Helium is the 2nd most common element in the universe.
It exists almost exclusively as a gas.
It has 2 protons and electrons.
Hydrogen atom He
Helium
4.00 2 + -
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Helium atom
Pull the tab to the left for more information!
We will go into more detail about the elements when we talk about 

the Periodic Table.

20. Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge?4
Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge?
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Answer B A
Proton B
Neutron C
Electron

21. 5
Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
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Answer D A
Proton B
Neutron C
Electron D
Both A and B

22. - + 6 Label the parts of the atom. A 1. Proton 2. Electron 3. Neutron1_ 2_ 3_
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Answer A B
1. Electron
2. Neutron
3. Proton C
1. Neutron
2. Proton
3. Electron D
1. Electron
2. Proton
3. Neutron

23. A molecule - is a group of atoms bonded together
Molecules
A molecule - is a group of atoms bonded together
This box is filled with
the compound
"water."
Each individual part of
this compound is called
a molecule of water.

24. Water is formed when 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom combine.
Molecules
Molecules are formed when one or more atoms chemically bond together.
Water is formed when 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom combine. O H
1 Oxygen O
2 Hydrogens H
It is important to realize that when these two elements combine to form 

water, their properties change. Hydrogen and Oxygen on their own are completely different than water. H O

25. Molecules
The structure of molecules can range from two or more of the same atoms or two or more different atoms.
Ozone - O3
Salt - NaCl
Glucose (Sugar) -
C6H12O6 Na Cl O

26. Build a Molecule: Water
H2O
What do the H and the O stand for in the chemical formula above?
H - _______________________
O - _______________________

27. Build a Molecule: Water
H2O
Oftentimes in a chemical formula, you will see a small number after the element symbols. This number is called the subscript.
This number tells you how many atoms of each element there are in the compound. The number goes along with the element before it.
If there is no number, then there is one atom of that element.
How many H atoms are there? - _____
How many O atoms are there? - _____

28. Ratio of Atoms
A molecule is represented by a chemical formula which shows the 
elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms in that specific compound.
Carbon Dioxide: CO2
# of C atoms =
# of O atoms =
RATIO of Carbon to Oxygen: 1 2
1:2

29. What is the ratio of Carbon atoms to Hydrogen atoms in Propane (C3H8)?24
What is the ratio of Carbon atoms to Hydrogen atoms in Propane (C3H8)?
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tab]
Answer A A
3:8 B
8:3

30. 25
What is the ratio of Nitrogen atoms to Hydrogen atoms in Ammonia (NH3)?
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tab]
Answer B A
3:1 B
1:3

31. 26
The ratio of carbon-hydrogen-oxygen atoms in glucose (C6H12O6) is 6:12:6.
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tab]
Answer
True
True
False

32. Click the picture above to access the web activity.
Activity: Build a Molecule
"Starting from atoms, see how many molecules you can 

build. Collect your molecules and see them in 3D!"
Click the picture above to access the web activity.