1. MENTORING YOUTH Jean Rhodes. Professor Master Lecture
University of Massachusetts
Master Lecture
International Week
MENTORING YOUTH

3. Dank je wel!
Betty Bijvoets, Szilvia Simon and Hendrik Jan Hoekstra

4. Favorable evaluation findings
Declining availability of nonparent adults
Growth of advocacy organizations
Heightened volunteerism, service learning

6. I need the words on the bottom to be legible, so I think I need to keep it this big

7. Research to practice
Practice
Research

9. How effective is youth mentoring?
Treatment vs. control
0.20 = “small” effect,
0.50 “= medium” effect,
0.80 = “large” effect.

10. n = 213 Average Effect Size = .21
Raposa, E., Card, N., Schwartz, S., Kanchewa, S., Sykes, L., Burton, S., Hussein, S., Kupersmidt, J., & Rhodes, J. (in preparation) When a relationship is the tool of change: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of youth mentoring programs.
Records from previous meta-analyses, technical reports, and other sources
n = 213
Records identified through database screening
n = 16,242
Identify
Screen
Records Excluded
n = 16,376
Records Screened
n = 16,455
Eligibility
Studies where data were unavailable
n = 8
Studies Eligible for Inclusion
n = 73
Inclusion
Studies Included in Meta-Analysis
n = 69
Average Effect Size = .21

12. Study level variables (moderators) associated with different effects
Curriculum ✔
Mentor Education ✔
Evaluation Design ✔
Mentor Age ✔

13. Effect sizes 0.5 Medium Effect 0.4 0.3 Empirically-
Size of Effect on Youth Outcomes
Based
0.2
Small
Practices
Effect
Theory-Based
0.1
Practices
-0.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of Practices

14. When are programs most beneficial?
How does mentoring promote positive youth development?
What are the implications for policy, practice, and research?
As I said

15. Stronger effects when…
Mentors who
Play an active, advocacy role
Older, better educated
Are sensitive to socioeconomic & cultural influences
Have higher self-efficacy
Hold positive attitudes toward youth

16. Stronger effects when…
Relationships characterized by
consistency
joint agenda setting
closeness (mentor/youth perspective r = .23)
empathy, closeness, trust, attunement
duration
Therapist-patient convergence is closer to .35

18. Stronger effects when…
Programs characterized by
careful recruitment
Training with curricula
monitoring
multi-modal
match on interest

19. How effective is youth mentoring?
When are programs most beneficial?
How does mentoring promote positive youth development?
What are the implications for policy, practice, and research?

20. Pathways of mentor influence
Scholastic
Competence
.25
.26
.08
Grades
.29
Quality of
Parental
relationship
Self-worth
.22
.25
.19
.18
Mentoring
Skipping School
.09
.26
.11
-.28
School value
Rhodes , Grossman, & Resch, (2002). Child Development, (2002)

21. Pathways of mentor influence
Quality of
Parental
relationship
-.46
Self-worth
.23
.18
Mentoring
-.08
-.04
Substance Use
.10
.14
Quality of
Peer
relationships
Rhodes, Reddy, & Grossman (2005) Applied Development Science

22. Pathways of mentor influence
Academic
Attitudes
.25
.78
Grades
.27
Quality of
Teacher
relationship
Quality
of Mentoring
Self-worth
.27
.53
.18
School
Behavior
.13
.09
.32
Quality of
Parent
Relationship
-.28
Chan,Rhodes, Schwartz, & Lowe (2013). Journal of School Psychology

23. How effective is youth mentoring?
When are programs most beneficial?
How does mentoring promote positive youth development?
What are the implications for police and practice
Research Directions

24. Implications Reward sustainability and quality over growth
Consider alternative strategies
Youth-initiated
Intentional mentoring
Promote
evidence-based practice
include rigorous evaluation
measured replication and dissemination
Make it so the points (but not the subpoints) appear one at a time (on click)

25. Resistance to evidence
Art over science
No motivation
Focus on growth
Inscruitable researchers
Everyone has won and all must have prizes

26. Different definitions of evidence

28. But Inconsistent definition and conceptualization of mentoring
Crisp & Cruz (2009) found 50 definitions of mentoring gin the research literature
Mentoring.org

29. umbmentoring.org

31. Relationship rich
settings
One-on-one mentoring

33. Gallup-Purdue Poll (2015)

34. No mentor? FIRST GEN YEARS LOANS to grad. LARGE SCHOOL
Undergraduate Loans
LARGE
SCHOOL
No mentor?

35. Continuum of care Per Informal Mentoring New Mentoring Models
Professional
counseling
Formal Mentoring
Informal Mentoring
Scaffolded

36. Closer relationships with instructors
Greater intention to recruit support
A higher Grade Point Average

40. Research Product Development. Distribution MENTOR/NMP Implementation
Youth Serving Organizations

41. Align Research and Practice