1. Wounds & Bleeding Acknowledgements
Where illustrations have been sourced from the internet, the licencing arrangement under which they have been reproduced is shown in parentheses.
VA Picture Author
2, 3,11 bleeding finger crystl (Attribution 2.0)
3,4, haematoma KoS (public domain (wikimedia))
incision Thirteen Of Clubs (Attribution-Share Alike 2.0)
leg laceration nicole05_bucket (public domain (photobucket))
abrasion on hand unknown (public domain (wikimedia))
puncture Sumlin (Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative
Works 2.0)
bullet entry LiveUponFaith (public domain (photobucket))
bullet exit LiveUponFaith (public domain (photobucket))
bloody bandage quinn.anya (Attribution ShareAlike 2.0) 
bleeding thumb Chad Miller (Attribution ShareAlike 2.0) 
Wounds & Bleeding

2. Contents
Types of wound
Bleeding and clotting
Treatment

3. Wounds Any damage to the skin or underlying tissues Open wound
skin is breached
blood lost from the body
allows infection into the body
Closed wound
underlying tissues damaged beneath intact skin
blood lost from circulation but NOT from the body

4. Types of wound Open Closed incision laceration abrasion puncture
‘gunshot’
Closed
contusion
internal bleeding

5. Bleeding and clotting Ruptured blood vessels Platelets Blood clot
Red blood cells
Ruptured blood vessels
blood cells escape
wounded tissue releases chemicals
Platelets
stick to edges of wound
release further chemicals
blood vessels contract
fibrin threads form
Blood clot
fibrin threads form mesh over wound, trapping blood cells
clot hardens, sealing hole
Keep casualty still to help clotting
Platelets
Damaged blood vessel
Blood clot
Fibrin threads

6. Treatment principles Minimise blood loss
Help body cope with blood loss
Prevent infection
Treat for shock

7. Minor open wounds Treatment clean wound dry wound
apply sterile dressing
apply firm bandage

8. Severe bleeding Treatment Severed body part apply pressure
raise & support injury
apply sterile dressing
if more required apply further dressings on top
bandage firmly
DO NOT use tourniquets
immobilise affected area to help blood clotting
Severed body part
bag it
keep cool and dry
send with casualty

9. Internal bleeding signs & symptoms
Pain / tenderness
Bruising
Blood in spittle / urine
Shock without obvious blood loss
weakness, dizziness
pallor, sweating
rapid pulse and breathing
breathlessness, unconsciousness

10. Internal bleeding treatment
Lie down (legs raised)
Arrange evacuation
Record
breathing
pulse
response levels
treatment
Recovery position if casualty loses consciousness

11. Summary Open wounds Closed wounds Clotting Hygiene Pressure
No tourniqets or pressure points