1. Lecture: The Abolition Movement
Objective: to understand the origins of the abolition movement, to evaluate the influence abolitionists had on the antislavery movement.

2. How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement?
Essential Question

3. Abolition Definition: A complete end to slavery
Abolitionist: some one that works toward a complete end to slavery.
Emancipation: The immediate freedom from the control of another person.

4. Early Efforts to End Slavery
1800s - slavery ended in Northern states, continued in the South
The Quakers led many of the antislavery groups
At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates compromised and allowed each state decide whether to allow slavery

5. The first abolitionists were Quakers and free blacks.
George fox
Religion: Slavery Immoral
Freed Slaves
All Equal under God
Propaganda: brochures, travels, meetings.
As early as 1657, George Fox the founder of Quakerism in a letter of caution To Friends beyond the sea, that have Blacks and Indian slaves reminded Quaker slave owners that everyone was equal in the sight of God.
Quakers believed that all people had the same `spark of divinity,' making slavery immoral. Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging slave-owners to free their slaves.

6. Spreading the Message Newspapers/Books Speaking Tours Groups
The Liberator: poetry and literature
The North Star & Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Speaking Tours
Some white activist: Angelina and Sarah Grimke
Freed African Americans: Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth…
Groups
American Anti-Slavery Society: wanted an end to slavery immediately
Northstar & book written by Douglass he wrote three autobiographies
The women were important to the movement later, early on they wer discriminated against…many men felt they should be seperated.

7. Benjamin Banneker was a free black born in Maryland.
Published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy
achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.
Mathematician and astronomer
John Adams cited Banneker’s achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.

8. American Colonization Society
The American Colonization Society
Formed in VI
The first African American settled in Liberia
1822 and 1865 between 12,000 and 20,000 African Americans
Despite their efforts, slavery grew during this time
Most African Americans resisted
The American Colonization Society wanted to return African Americans to Africa and the Caribbean
Formed in 1816 by a group of white Virginians- Bought their freedom and sent them abroad
The first African American settled in Liberia (Latin for “place of freedom”)
1822 and 1865 between 12,000 and 20,000 African Americans settled in Liberia
Despite their efforts, slavery grew during this time
Most African Americans did not want to go to Africa because their families were here
In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society.
Oppised slavery but no harmony move to Liberia

9. President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the colonization movement. And even Southern slaveowners who rejected abolition often supported colonization of free blacks.
By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and build that country. But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.

10. A B C D When and by whom was the American Colonization Society formed?
Section 2
When and by whom was the American Colonization Society formed?
A. In 1816 by abolitionists from Massachusetts
B. In 1816 by white Virginians
C. In 1820 by transcendentalists
D. In 1820 by former enslaved African Americans. A B C D

11. William Lloyd Garrison Religion and natural rights Extreme/harsh
Liberator News paper
William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising abolitionists of his day. He was completely unwilling to compromise on slavery. Slaveowners were evil and should not receive reimbursement for slaves freed by legislation. Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation.
Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by immediate emancipation. His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause.
In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt. Copies of his antislavery newspaper “The Liberator” were banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia to stand trial.

12. -- William Lloyd Garrison
“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!”
-- William Lloyd Garrison

13. Printed Abolitionist propaganda, prohibitionist Killed for his beliefs
Elijah P. Lovejoy was another extreme abolitionist. He also spoke out against alcohol, but it was his abolitionist views that angered his neighbors.
An angry mob broke into his printing office in They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him.
Elijah P. Lovejoy
Printed Abolitionist propaganda, prohibitionist
Killed for his beliefs

14. Published: “American Slavery As It Is.”
Theodore Weld
Published: “American Slavery As It Is.”
Married abolitionists Angelina Grimke
A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld. He tried to build a large antislavery movement by appealing to the consciences of Midwestern farmers and church groups.
Weld published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the title, “American Slavery As It Is.” Weld especially focused on southern accounts, in order to counter southern claims that slave abuse almost never occurred.
Weld was married to Angelina Grimke. She and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers. Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women speaking out publicly against slavery. Both women spoke out powerfully against slavery. Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women speaking out in public.

15. In the North, free blacks involved in the abolition movement.
Could tell of slavery's horrors based on personal experience.
In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement. Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors based on personal experience.

16. Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass.
Two leading black abolitionists were Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass. As rivals for black abolitionist leadership, they also demonstrated the divisions within the movement.
Garnett was the more militant of the two, and as early as 1843 was calling for slaves to rise up against their owners and make themselves free.
Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was justified on the grounds of self defense. His stated believe was that it was better to die free than live as slaves.
Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black or white, in the movement. He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to read and write, and published his Autobiography in He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degradations of slavery.
He worked tirelessly with white politicians and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond the Civil War. Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and for the right of women to vote.
Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass.

17. Isabella Baumfree had been born a slave, and changed her name to Sojourner Truth when she became free. Although she was illiterate, Truth stood six feet tall and was a powerful speaker who sometimes in her speeches used songs she had composed.
Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland. She aided the movement by working as a `conductor' on the Underground Railroad, an informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada.
Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor (At least 70 people were freed)
Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in the antislavery movement.

18. The Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad: network of escape routes from the South to the North
Passengers traveled at night
Stations (Barns, basements, and attics)
Conductors :whites and African Americans who helped the runaways to freedom in Northern States and Canada
Some risked prison and death by helping African Americans escape slavery
The network of escape routes from the South to the North was called the Underground Railroad
“Passengers” traveled at night
Rested at “stations” (Barns, basements, and attics)
The railroad’s “conductors” were whites and African Americans who helped the runaways to freedom in Northern States and Canada
Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor (At least 70 people were freed)
The Underground Railroad helped only a tiny fraction of the enslaved population
But it gave hope to people who suffered under slavery and abolitionists a practical way to help enslaved African Americans
At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen time to guide other blacks to freedom.

19. Quilt Patterns Monkey Wrench Drunkard’s Path Bow tie Bear Claw Trail
Monkey wrench-time to get “tools” together to leave
Drunkard’s Path- remind to take a zig zag path & may have shown placements of stations along raliroad
Bow tie- to dress-up …many escaped slaves would be given clothes from conductors to blend in with the community outside of the plantations
Bear Claw Trail- to take the bear path in the woods to stay out of danger...being followed.

20. Section 2
Although the Underground Railroad was able to help only a small number of slaves, how did it empower the Abolitionist movement?
A. It gave abolitionists a practical way to help enslaved African Americans.
B. It helped raise money to buy freedom for slaves.
C. It helped create a better railway system in the Southern United States.
D. It helped to educate slaveholders. A B C D

21. Clashes Over Abolitionism
Many Southerners opposed the idea of ending slavery
Threatened Southern Economy and lifestly
Only a small percentage of Northerners were abolitionists
Many Northerners saw the Antislavery movement as a threat .
Many Northerners believed that once freed African Americans could not blend into American society
Many Northerners feared they would lose their jobs to emancipated workers who would work for less money

22. Clashes Over Abolitionism Continued
Many Northerners feared they would lose their jobs to emancipated workers who would work for less money
Opposition to abolition sometimes became violent

23. The South Reacts Southerners defended slavery
Said that slavery was essential to the Southern economy and allowed Southern whites to reach a high level of culture
Southerners said they treated slaves well
They said the system of slavery provided food, clothing, and medical care to its workers

24. North v. South South: North: Slavery Necessary Treat slaves well
Based on racism
North:
Most believed slavery was wrong, but…
Freed slaves would not blend in
Take jobs from white men
Begin a war between the North & South
Did not want slavery to expand west

25. Section 2
Which of the following arguments did pro-slavery Southerners use against abolition?
A. They claimed that slave labor was essential to the South, allowing Southern whites to reach a high level of culture.
B. They argued that many abolitionists were also secretly slaveholders.
C. They argued that abolitionists only wanted to free enslaved workers so that they could work in Northern factories.
D. They stated that abolitionists wanted to steal Southerners’ farms. A B C D

26. How did abolitionists influence the antislavery movement?
Published antislavery newspapers
Organized antislavery societies
Bought enslaved workers to free them and send them abroad
Lectured and wrote books to promote their views
Helped enslaved Africans escape to the North on the Underground Railroad
Essential Question