1. Solid Waste Survey Results As of 12-12-12 (Aaron Rodgers Day)
Rick Eilertson, P.E., Fitchburg Environmental Engineer
Chair, APWA WI Solid Waste Management Committee

2. Question 1 – Name and Muni Code
City of Fitchburg
Polk County
Oconto County
Manitowoc County
Kewaunee County
Marquette County
Pepin County
City of Watertown
Town of Waumandee
City of Milwaukee
City of Fort Atkinson
City of Hartford
Town of Belmont
Town of Fifield
Town of Spring Prairie
Town of Centerville
City of Racine
Town of Unity
Town of Lima
City of Neenah
Town of Elk Grove
City of Green Bay
Town of Russell
Taylor County
Town of Cable
City of Brookfield
City of Sheboygan
Town of River Falls
City of Fond du Lac
City of West Allis
Village of Grafton
City of La Crosse
City of Janesville
Village of Bellevue
City of Verona
Village of Sussex
City of Oshkosh

3. Question 2 – Type & Frequency of Recycling Collection
What type and frequency of recycling collection does your RU have? (Please check all that apply)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Municipally-coordinated curbside recycling collection (weekly)
16.2% 6
Municipally-coordinated curbside recycling collection (every other week)
51.4% 19
Resident-coordinated curbside recycling collection (subscription)
10.8% 4
Recycling Drop Off Site (Available more than 40 hrs/wk)
18.9% 7
Recycling Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month)
24.3% 9
Recycling Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month)
27.0% 10
Other (please specify) 1
answered question 37

4. Question 3 – Recycling Collection Style
What is the recycling collection style for your RU?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Single-stream (all recyclables in one container)
51.4% 19
Dual-stream (paper separated from containers)
35.1% 13
Source separated (all recyclables sorted into each commodity type)
16.2% 6
Please note # of separate categories 4
answered question 37

5. Question 4 – Recycling Collection Method
Is your curbside recycling collection manual, semi-automated or fully-automated?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Manual (various resident-supplied containers and/or bags)
27.8% 10
Semi-automated (mechanical lifting of carts/driver physically assists)
16.7% 6
Fully-automated (mechanical lifting of carts/driver stays in truck)
30.6% 11
N/A
33.3% 12
answered question 36

6. Question 5 – Recycling Containers
What size and type of collection containers do you provide for curbside recycling collection? (Please check all that apply)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
18-24 gallon bin
15.2% 5
35 gallon cart
65 gallon cart
33.3% 11
95 gallon cart
30.3% 10
30 gallon plastic bags
0.0%
We don't provide curbside recycling
None
45.5% 15
answered question 33

7. Question 6 – Recyclables Collected
Do you provide curbside collection or a Drop Off Site for the following materials? (Please check all that apply)
Answer Options
Curbside
Drop off
Response Count
Glass containers 23 22 37
Aluminum beverage containers 21 36
Tin or bi-metal cans
#1&2 plastic bottles
# 3-7 plastics 13 11
Plastic film/bags 7 12
Newspapers
Magazines
Cardboard 24
Office paper 19 35
Junk mail 20 33
Books 14 15 26
Various mixed papers 34
Food and beverage cartons 10 18
Furniture 9
Appliances 6
Electronics 2
Carpet
Construction/Demolition Materials
Leaves/Yard Waste
Brush
Food Waste / Organics 1
answered question

8. Questions 7 & 8 – Material Recovery Facility
At what Material Recovery Facility (MRF) are the curbside recyclables from your RU processed?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Name
100.0% 31
Code
61.3% 19
answered question
skipped question 7
How far is it from your RU to the MRF? (One-way)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
0-10 miles
35.5% 11
10-25 miles
25.8% 8
25-50 miles
16.1% 5
miles
9.7% 3
> 100 miles
6.5% 2
Sorry, I don't know
answered question 31
skipped question 7

9. Question 9 – Landfill
How far is it from your RU to the landfill? (One-way)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
0-10 miles
0.0%
10-25 miles
100.0% 1
25-50 miles
miles
> 100 miles
Sorry, I don't know
answered question

10. Question 10 – Recycling Tonnage
How many tons of recyclables are annually collected from your RU? (FYI: 1.5 tons = ~ 10 cubic yards for mixed Recyclables, Leaves and Brush.)
Answer Options
Response Average
Response Total
Response Count
Recyclables (glass,aluminum, plastic,paper,etc.) in tons/yr
2,562.38
81,996 32
Yard waste in tons/yr
2,907.83
66,880 23
Brush in tons/yr
979.47
18,610 19
answered question 34
skipped question 4

11. Question 11 – Yard Waste Frequency
What frequency do you provide yard waste collection? (Please Check All That Apply)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
16-52 curbside yard waste collections/yr
2.7% 1
8-15 curbside yard waste collections/yr
10.8% 4
3-7 curbside yard waste collections/yr
1-2 curbside yard waste collection/yr
Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available > 40 hrs/wk)
35.1% 13
Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month)
13.5% 5
Yard waste Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month)
We don't provide collection of yard waste
37.8% 14
answered question 37

12. Question 12 – Brush Frequency
What frequency do you provide brush collection? (Please Check All That Apply)
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
16-52 curbside brush collections/yr
16.2% 6
8-15 curbside brush collections/yr
13.5% 5
3-7 curbside brush collections/yr
2.7% 1
1-2 curbside brush collections/yr
8.1% 3
Brush Drop Off Site (Available > 40 hrs/wk)
32.4% 12
Brush Drop Off Site (Available between 40 hrs/wk and 40 hrs/month)
Brush Drop Off Site (Available less than 40 hrs/month)
We don't provide collection of brush
40.5% 15
answered question 37

13. Question 13 & 14 – Landfill Tonnage & Fees
What is your RU's annual tonnage of waste sent to a landfill?
Answer Options
Response Average
Response Total
Response Count
Tons
14,809.93
414,678 28
answered question
skipped question 10
What is the tipping fee for waste disposal to the landfill in $/Ton?
Answer Options
Response Average
Response Total
Response Count
$/Ton
44.33
931 21
answered question
skipped question 17
Note: Values ranged from $0/Ton to $188/Ton

14. Question 15 – Recycling $ / Household
What is the per household cost to collect recyclables for your RU?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Recyclables (glass,aluminum,plastic,paper,etc.) $/household
100.0% 27
Leaves/Yard waste $/household
66.7% 18
Brush $/household
51.9% 14
answered question
skipped question 11
Recyclables
24.95, 3.20, $1.04/month/household, $2.50/month, $18.28/household/yr, $1,386,000 total, 55, 82.40, 7.75/household/month both Garbage & Recyclables, $43.80/household/year, 0, 65, $21, 81, 68.47, APPROXIMATELY $26.50, Have never calculated, $16 per year, $71.00/year for Recyclables/Leaves/Yard Waste/Brush, 37.68,In tax dollars maybe $10 per household, 30.36, 20, $50, 6.23 per person, 28
Leaves/Yard waste
3.09, 30, $0.45/month/household, includes brush, 8, $1.25/month/household, $8.95/household/year, 45, 34.71, n/a, minimal, See Above, Part of Stormwater Fee, 26.79, 2, unknown, 10
Brush
49, 13, $1.25/month/household, $10.65/household/year, 10, 0.77, n/a, minimal

15. Question 16 – Recycling Fee Charges
Does your RU charge a fee to residents to offset the cost of collection of curbside recyclables?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count No
45.5% 15
Yes, Added into tax levy
9.1% 3
Yes, Listed as a special charge on tax bill
21.2% 7
Yes, Charged on utility bill (i.e.:water/sewer bill)
Yes, Sticker system purchased by user
Yes, Other (please specify)
6.1% 2
answered question 33
skipped question 5

16. Question 17 & 18 – Recycling Education & Enforcement
How much does your RU spend on recycling education?
Answer Options
Response Average
Response Total
Response Count
$/yr
5,398.82
151,167 28
answered question
skipped question 10
Values ranged from $0 to $30,000
How much does your RU spend on recycling enforcement?
Answer Options
Response Average
Response Total
Response Count
$/yr
3,430.96
89,205 26
answered question
skipped question 12
Values ranged from $0 to $15,000

17. Question 19 – Revenue Sharing from MRF
Does your RU receive a revenue share from the sale of curbside recyclables?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Yes
46.7% 14 No
53.3% 16
answered question 30
skipped question 8

18. Question 20 & 21 – Recyclables Collected by:
Does your RU use municipal employees or a private contractor for your collection?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Municipal employees
52.9% 18
Private contractor
answered question 34
skipped question 4
If you are using a private contractor;
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Who is your contractor?
100.0% 20
Service secured through a Request for Proposal (RFP) process (Yes/No)
95.0% 19
Service secured through a bid process (Yes/No)
90.0% 18
answered question
skipped question

19. Question 22 – Contract Expiration
When do your current waste and recycling contracts expire?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Waste contracts
90.6% 29
Recycling contracts
96.9% 31
answered question 32
skipped question 6

20. Question 23 – Changes Expected?
What changes to your recycling program do you anticipate in response to reduced or eliminated State grants?
Answer Options
Response Percent
Response Count
Reduced Frequency of Collection
26.7% 8
Fewer Types of Recyclables Collected
6.7% 2
Change recycling educational materials from hard copy to online
23.3% 7
Reduce recycling education efforts
20.0% 6
Work with other RU's on recycling education to reduce costs
30.0% 9
Alter enforcement activity
16.7% 5
None
46.7% 14
Other (please specify)
answered question 30
skipped question
Several respondents added comment:
“We’ll need to increase fees.”

21. Question 24 – Recycling Collection Style
Does your RU provide curbside recycling and/or trash collection, as part of a municipal contract, to:
Answer Options
Curbside Recycling
Curbside Trash
Response Count
Apartments of 5 or more units 4 6
Commercial establishments 1 3
answered question 7
skipped question 31

22. Fitchburg’s PAYT Program & Organics Pilot
Rick Eilertson, P.E.,
Fitchburg Environmental Engineer
Chair, APWA WI Solid Waste Committee
Presentation at “Pay-As-You-Throw” Garbage Reduction Workshop
Fitchburg Library, May 2, 2013, 1:45 pm to 4pm

23. Presentation Highlights
27 Years of Success on the 3-R’s
Fitchburg’s Pay As You Throw (PAYT) Program
Organics Collection Pilot (OCP) Details
Home Composting?
Upcoming Events

24. 27 Years of Success in the 3-R’s
Recycling Committee formed
Recycling Ordinance
Curbside Recycling & Drop Off Centers started
Curbside Yard Waste collection starts
Apartment Recycling & Polystyrene Recycling start
1991 to Fitchburg wins EPA, U.S., and State Recycling Awards
Household Medical Waste (Sharps) Ordinance
Volume-based Collection / PAYT Program begins
Compost Bin Sales start
st Solid Waste Sort
Electronics Recycling Events start, Home Composting Workshops, Recycling Drop Off Site
City Cart System starts
Fitchburg Sharps Collection starts at Bergmann’s and Walgreens
2008 – Recycling Drop Off Site Enlarged
2009 – Block Polystyrene Bin at Recycling Drop Off Site, 2nd Solid Waste Sort
Organic Waste Survey
Organics Collection Report completed, MedDrop Box Installed
2012 – Organics Collection Pilot starts, 3rd Solid Waste Sort
2013 – Organics Collection Pilot Expanded

25. Recent Updates to the 3-R's

26. Fitchburg Collection Map

27. PAYT = VBF Fitchburg began Volume Based Fee (VBF) program in 1994.
32 gal limit for refuse
Larger refuse containers available through the hauler, at resident’s expense
Refuse Tags for extra bags – 5 tags provided each household yearly
2 to 3 recycling bins – unlimited quantity

28. Contract
In 2005, proposals were sought for both the old refuse/recycling bin system and the cart system for a 3 year contract ( ).
Bids included cost of carts – refuse and recycling
Carts owned by City at end of contract

29. CART DELIVERY
Flooded by Calls With Cart Delivery Problems

30. CURRENT SYSTEM vs. PREVIOUS SYSTEM
2007 BID COMPARISON COST
CURRENT SYSTEM vs. PREVIOUS SYSTEM
2007 Costs – Refuse Cart System $81.60/unit/yr
vs.
Previous System Costs $69.24/unit/yr
2007 Costs – Recycling Cart System* $43.32/unit/yr
Previous Recycling Bin System $54.36/unit/yr
*Recycling Cart System Price is for Bi-Weekly Collection vs. weekly collection of previous bin system

31. ACCEPTANCE OF NEW SYSTEM
After the first month of new system, the call volume dropped dramatically
Residents began to show acceptance with the new system
Residents who initially opposed the change began calling/ ing their approvals

32. LESSONS LEARNED Award bid earlier to allow time for cart delivery
Be sure to have enough carts ordered to cover possible upgrades
Allow more response time for return of postcards for cart selection
Check references on cart vendor or deliver with City crews

33. Total Fee on 2012 Tax Bill = $142/yr*
35 gal Refuse (52/yr) = ~$86/yr
gal Recycling (26/yr) = ~$28/yr
Brush (14/yr) = ~$24/yr
Yardwaste (4/yr) = ~$11/yr
Recycling Drop Off Site (365/yr) = $0/yr*
Total Fee on 2012 Tax Bill = $142/yr*
*Recycling Drop Off Site cost included in curbside fees. Separate line item “TRASH P/U” is charged on annual Real Estate Property Tax Bill.

34. (Refuse & Recycling Carts collected from 40 homes)
What’s in our Carts?
2009 Solid Waste Sort
(Refuse & Recycling Carts collected from 40 homes)
Recycling Findings (% by weight)
Actual Recycling Rate = 33%
Potential Recycling Rate = 48%
Recommendations: Recycling Cart Stickers, Advertise Recycling Guide

35. What’s in our Carts? Refuse Carts Refuse Findings (% by weight)
Food waste = 27%
Soiled paper = 15%
Total Compostable Organics = 42%
Goal: Divert Organics from Landfill

36. (Refuse, Recycling & Organics Carts collected from 40 homes)
What’s in our Carts?
2012 Solid Waste Sort
(Refuse, Recycling & Organics Carts collected from 40 homes)
Recycling Findings (% by weight)
Actual Recycling Rate = 41%
Potential Recycling Rate = 53%
Recommendations: Continue enhancements to Recycling Guide

37. What’s in our Carts? Refuse Carts (2012) Refuse Findings (% by weight)
Food waste = 21%
Soiled paper = 14%
Pet Waste = 8%
Total Compostable Organics = 43%
Diapers = 18%
Recommendations: Continue enhancements to Organics Pilot

38. Why Collect Organics? Reduces waste disposal costs1.
Reduces waste disposal costs
Saves landfill space
Keeps nutrients in "The Loop" 2. 3.

39. Food Waste Disposers = $$$
& =
1. Uses Electricity at Home & WWTP ($)
2. Uses Water ($)
3. Can clog home and public sanitary sewer pipes ($)
4. WWTF needs to dispose of solids ($)

40. Organics Collection 2012 Pilot Details
~300 Households Invited

41. Organics Collection Pilot Details

42. Organics Collection Pilot Details
What Can go in the Carts
What Can’t go in the Carts
Fruit and Vegetable scraps
Grains (eg. bread, bagels, tortillas, etc)
Meats, Fats, Bones
Coffee grounds & filters
Soiled Paper Items (eg. Soiled napkins, paper towels, pizza boxes)
Pet waste (currently can include kitty litter)
Non-Compostable Plastic bags
Dirty diapers (this may change during the course of the Pilot)
Other household refuse or recyclables

43. Organics Collection Pilot Details
Where do I put the supplies?
How do I use the supplies?
Calling the Superkids Hotline

44. Organics Collection Pilot Details
Recycling Week -
Okay
Recycling Week - Preferred
Refuse Week - Okay

45. Tonnage Collected (April – Dec. 2012)
2012 Collection Pilot Tonnage
Tonnage Collected (April – Dec. 2012)
Organics = Tons
Refuse = Tons
Based on 2012 Waste Sort Percentages, Here’s what the numbers could have been if everyone sorted perfectly
Organics = 105 Tons
Recyclables = Tons
Refuse = Tons

46. Added 75 more households on April 2, 2013
Organics Collection in 2013
Added 75 more households on April 2, 2013

47. Concerns Expressed in the Survey
2012 Collection Pilot Survey Summary
Concerns Expressed in the Survey
Availability of compostable bags
Odors and cleaning of cart
Pests and animals
Lack of space for organics cart and kitchen pail

48. Suggestions 2012 Collection Pilot Survey Summary
Advertise locations for compostable bags
Pick up every week; especially during the summer
More marketing/education: newsletter articles, , information packet, website, social media
Promote home composting

49. Next Steps: Outreach on Compostable bag options

50. Next Steps: Home Composting

51. DNR Recycling Updates 2013
Presentation to the WI Chapter APWA Solid Waste Committee
La Crosse, May By
Cynthia Moore, WI DNR
(Thanks to Dan Krivit, Foth)
<#>

52. Goals of Plastics Recycling Study
Analyze current status of plastics recycling in Wisconsin
Identify barriers & opportunities for growth
Identify improvement options
look under Plastics Recycling
<#>

53. Markets Are Strong …
…. Especially for the high volume, high value commodities (e.g., PET + HDPE bottles; PE film)
Good markets emerging for non-bottle PET + HDPE, all PP
27 plastic market facilities in Wisconsin
Need additional sorting / reclamation capacity for other “mixed bales”
Plastic “markets” include reclaimers that sort, wash, grind, pelletize or compound the recyclable plastic + end-use manufacturers
Domestic markets for PVC and PS more limited
<#>

54. Economic Multipliers
Wisconsin plastics industries employ 39,800 people
Direct payroll of $1.6 billion
8th among all states
<#>

55. Barriers to Growth
Definitions, terminology and specifications are all over the map
Collection and processing of additional types of plastics
Financial and technical barriers limit smaller MRFs ability to handle a wider range of plastic types
<#>

56. Other Barriers to Growth
Supply assurance
Lack of a preference for domestic end-use markets
Supply assurance is need for financial investments
Foreign export markets are expected to decrease in relative importance
<#>

57. Plastics Recycling Subcommitee Working Groups
Council on Recycling convenes stakeholder group April 17
Established working groups
Bottles
Non-bottle rigids
Film / bags (supplements DNR MOU with industry)

58. Small Group Questions Long-term goal
Three priorities/actions, including:
Short-term
Intermediate
Longer term
What interests are missing from the small group
Next meeting dates

59. Other DNR Recycling Priorities
RU program cost control
PAYT Workshops
RU Tips
Away from Home Recycling
Commercial, public places, events
Role of DNR
Expectations for RU
Messaging

60. Recycling in West Central Wisconsin
Anna McCabe Waste and Materials Management Specialist

61. St. Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Chippewa
Clark
Marathon
Pepin
Buffalo
Jackson
Trempealeau
Eau Claire
La Crosse
Monroe
Wood
Portage
Juneau
Adams
Vernon
Crawford

62. SSCM Composting in West Central WI
Hsu’s Ginsing Landscape and Composing
Wausau, WI
Advanced Disposal’s Seven Mile Creek
Eau Claire, WI
Green Earth Composting-in progress
Holmen, WI

63. Noteworthy
Many remarkable Responsible Units, over doubling their recycling per capita standards
Great Responsible Unit community outreach
Regional collaborations to maximize resources
Expanding on special event recycling, business recycling and collection events (such as electronics, tires, appliances and medications)

65. Works in Progress
Communicating with under-staffed Responsible Units to increase recycling rates
Encouraging collaboration with RUs who do not have designated “Recycling”, “Solid Waste” or environmental directive staff
Connecting resources to allow special event recycling or collection events to take place
Continuing to improve recycling abilities for residents throughout West Central Region

66. Questions?
Contact Information:
Rick Eilertson ( )
Cynthia Moore ( )
Anna McCabe ( )