1. Theme: Linguistics in General
Presentation
Theme: Linguistics in General

2. Science of linguistics
History of Science
Classification of Sciences
Interrelation and interaction of sciences
Methodology of science

3. History of science Contemplation Logic discourse (in antic world)
Formation of natural sciences (in the 17-18th centuries BC)

4. Classification of science
According to object peculiarities
Natural sciences
Social sciences
The Arts
According to aims of cognition
Fundamental sciences
Applied sciences

5. Interrelation and interaction of sciences
Sciences differentiation
Partition of integral cognition into parts
(e.g. philosophy comprises physics, agrobiology, mathematics, rhetoric's)
Sciences integration
Combination of two adjacent sciences into one
(biochemistry, biophysics, biolinguistics)

6. Methodology of sciences
Study of ways and methods of scientific cognition of environment and human society

7. Methodology of sciences
General (philosophical) methodology Based on knowledge of general laws of nature and society, relevant and essential to all sciences without any exceptions
Special methodology Based on knowledge about peculiarities of an object of cognition of a concrete science

8. Cognition as a type of human activity
Activity is a process of human activeness in his/her interrelation with environment, which is a combination of separate actions and behavior acts

9. Main types of human activity
Converting activity
(subtypes: labor activity, revolutionary-reformer activity, humanitarian activity)
Communicative activity
Cognitive activity
- level of practical cognition
- level of scientific cognition

10. Language as an object of scientific cognition
Language is an object of linguistics
Language has two features:
Substantial feature – inherent features of objects, organisms and phenomena.
Functional features – characterizes external, relative, acquired features of objects, which are shown with respect to other objects.

11. Subject of internal linguistics
It investigates language as a systematic and structural formation on basis of its substantial features.

12. Systematic formation Language system has three levels: Phonological
Lexical
Grammatical

13. Structural formation
Structure of language is a character of relations between language units and levels.
Types of relations between units of separate levels of system are called as plans:
Paradigmatic relations
Syntagmatic relations

14. Subject of external linguistics
It investigates functional features of language. External linguistics is a boundary discipline originated at a turn of two sciences: internal linguistics and human sciences.

15. Parts of external linguistics
Biolinguistics (neurolinguistics) – investigates the relation “language-human biology”.
Cognitive linguistics – investigates the relation “language-thought”.
Psycholinguistics – is concerned with the relation “language-man”.
Sociolinguistics – is a science about relation “language-society”.
Ethnolingustics (linguoculturology) – investigates the relation “language-culture”.
Paralinguistics – is concerned with the relation “language-non-verbal signs of communication”.
Areal linguistics – is a science about the relation “language-territory”

16. Subject of pragmalinguistics
Pragmalinguistics is a comparatively young field of linguistics, originated in the 70s of the last century. Subject of pragmalinguistics is a study of interaction of substantial and functional features of language in the process of real communication.

17. Language – speech – communication
Ferdinande de Soussure was the first to differentiate language, speech and communication.

18. Aspects of relation “language-speech” Gnoseological aspect
1. Substance (not given in direct observation)
2. Ideal (psychological, spiritual)
Speech
1. Phenomenon (given in observation and perception by senses)
2. Material (chain of sounds or letters)

19. Aspects of relation “language-speech” Ontological aspect
1. Static (passive, product)
2. Invariant (Abstract schemes as a basis of all realization forms)
3. Simultaneous system organization (levels, plans, hierarchy)
Speech
Dynamic (Active, activity)
Variant (Concrete realization forms of language scheme)
Line organization (Sequence of language elements in the course of time)

20. Aspects of relation “language-speech” Pragmatic aspect
1. Code (system of signals used for transferring, storing and editing of various information)
2. Social (Fixation in units and language rules of collective experience in a type of linguistic picture of the world)
3. Tool (means of interaction of people with environment in the process of joint activity)
Speech
Message (transfer of knowledge about phenomena of environment and relations towards them by means of code signals)
Individual (individual, contingency conditional realization of language potency)
Usage of a tool by an individual as a natural instrument for transfer and understanding information in voice or graphic form

21. Thanks for your attention!