1. Late Antiquity (ca )

2. Late Antiquity Barbarians! What do you think of?
What images come to mind?

3. Late Antiquity The Germanic Kingdoms Farmers Relations with Rome
The Good
Served in Roman military
Imitated Roman customs
Trade and alliances
Settled in Roman territory
The Bad
Military conflicts
Sack of Rome (410)

4. Late Antiquity
Sack of Rome (410)

5. Late Antiquity The Huns Nomadic fighters
Based in Eastern Europe  west!
Under rule of ATTILA THE HUN (r )
Goal: western empire in Gaul and Italy (451-52)
Hunnic Empire disintegrated 454
Leo I and Attila

6. Late Antiquity
2001

7. Late Antiquity “Fall of Rome” Last western emperors (455-476)
Ruled fragments of Western Europe
Romulus Augustulus (r ) deposed
Romulus Augustulus

8. Late Antiquity The Germanic Kingdoms The Visigoths The Ostrogoths
THE FRANKS
Clovis (r )
Founded Merovingian dynasty
THE ANGLES AND SAXONS
Raids  settled along southeastern English coast
The Vandals
The Germanic Kingdoms (ca. 530)

9. Late Antiquity
Questions?

10. Late Antiquity The Eastern Roman Empire Lived on
Based in CONSTANTINOPLE
“New Rome”
Residence of emperor
Greek in culture
Constantine and Constantinople

11. Late Antiquity Justinian and Theodora Who were they?
JUSTINIAN: emperor (r )
Theodora: “Partner in Counsel”
Legislation: Code of Justinian
Collection of all imperial edicts
Updated, simplified, codified

12. Late Antiquity Justinian and Religion
Emperor was directly involved in religion
Sought unified “orthodox” Christianity  divine favor!
Twilight of Paganism
Pagans had to become Christian, or lose property, or be exiled
Closed Academy, Athens
Ordered construction of HAGIA SOPHIA (537)

13. Late Antiquity
Hagia Sophia

14. Late Antiquity Reconquest of the West
Justinian’s dream: universal Roman Empire again
Conquest
North Africa (534)
Italy (540)
Southern Spain (552)
Ultimate failure
Bankruptcy
Roman forces were overextended

15. Late Antiquity Mosaics Common in antiquity
Bits of stone, glass  unified image

16. Late Antiquity

17. Late Antiquity

18. Late Antiquity
Questions?

19. Late Antiquity The Papacy Office of bishop of Rome
One of five “patriarchal” bishops
“First among equals,” according to Greek bishops
Filled “power vacuum” in west

20. Late Antiquity Pope Gregory the Great(r. 590-604)
“Servant of the servants of God”
Reign paradigmatic for medieval popes
Papal affairs in West
Supreme spiritual leader
In touch with western monarchs
Concerned about affairs in east
Temporal authority

21. Late Antiquity Monasticism
Solitary asceticism as way of life away from “world”
Began in Egypt
Reaction to worldliness of imperial church
Kinds of monks: hermits, communal monks

22. Late Antiquity Benedictine Monasticism
Founder: Benedict of Nursia (ca )
Began as hermit, lived in cave
Reluctant abbot
Established monasteries
Rule
Detailed
Very successful
For women too

23. Late Antiquity
Abbey of Monte Cassino,
above Cassino, Italy

24. Late Antiquity Spread of Roman Christianity in Western Europe
Clovis converted (496)  Franks followed
Ireland
Patrick (391? – 461?)
“I am greatly God’s debtor, because he granted me so much grace, that through me many people would be reborn in God…” (Confessio, 38)
England
Augustine of Canterbury sent (597)
Angles and king converted
Western Europe predominantly Catholic, under spiritual authority of papacy

25. Late Antiquity
Questions?