1. Sludge Management Plant overview Presented By : Eng. Sufyan Bataineh
Position: Project Manager
Employer: Water Authority – Programme Management Unit (PMU)
Plant overview
Arab Water Week

2. Contents: As-Samra WWTP Process Sludge management in As-Samra WWTP
Sludge Use after the Dewatering Facility

3. As-Samra WWTP – Quality Indicators Inflow rate : 367 000 m3 /day
Raw Wastewater
(influent)
Treated Wastewater
(Effluent)
Jordanian Standard
JS 893/2006
Item
Concentration (mg/l)
BOD5
652
<30 60
COD
1449
<60
150
TSS
551 PH
6-9 TN
130
Grease
30 m3/day
<8 8
Nematodes
5 eggs/l
<1 eggs/l
F-Coliform
108 MPN/100 ml
<1000 MPN/100 ml

4. Process Description

5. Composition of Raw Sewage
99% 1%
WATER
MATERIALS
70%
30%
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
65%
Well the competition is mainly between cooling tower make up water and irrigation, as perception problem to use indoors…
25%
10%
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
GRIT
SALTS
METALS

6. Sludge Treatment Thickening Gravidity settling
Dissolved Air flotation (DAF)
Mechanical, e.g centrifuge
Stabilisation
Aerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion
Alkaline stabilisation
Dewatering
Filter press
Centrifuge
Sludge Drying beds
Thermal Treatment
Heat drying
Pyrolysis/Gasification
Solar Drying

7. Energy versus Footprint
RCB Rotating Biological contactor
SAF Submerged Aerated Filter
SBR Sequencing batch reactors
MBBR Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor 
MBR Membrane bioreactor

8. Land versus Capacity

9. Sludge Retention Time Sludge Retention Time (SRT)
The SRT is the average retention time of every sludge floc in the system
The SRT controls the microbial population in the activated sludge
The SRT is difficult to measure, but it can be calculated as:
Mass of TSS in the aeration tank/daily sludge production
Source: ATV-DVWK-A 131E

10. Relation between RT and Elimination
Settleable Solids
Filterable Solids
BOD5 and COD
Nitrogen
Source: ATV-Handbuch, 1997a

11. Sludge line Primary sludge thickener & GBT Activated sludge floatation
Sludge mixing
Digestion
Dewatering unit
(Filter Belt Press)
Centrifugal unit
Biogas desulfurization
Biogas holders
Biogas generators
Boilers
Biogas boosters
Waste biogas burner
Dewatering lagoons

12. without final disposal
CAPEX vs. OPEX
Treatment Charges
Fixed (75%)
Variable (25%)
Volume M3/day
BOD5 in (Kg/m3)
TSS in (Kg/m3) ~
Water line Capex
Sludge line Capex
Sludge Management
without final disposal
(%DS)
(15%)
Gas line

14. Sludge Generation, Treatment, and Disposal
Influent
(raw WW?)
Effluent
Wastewater Treatment
Raw sludge, grit, screenings
Sludge Treatment
• Gravity thickening
• Gravity belt filter
• Vacuum filter
• Filter press
• Anaerobic digestion
• Aerobic digestion
• Heat treatment
• Alkaline stabilization
• Composting
• Irradiation
Sludge Disposal
• Land application
• Landfill
• Energy Recovery

15. Processing Options After BFP & Solar Drying
Landfill
Composting
Land application
Energy recovery
Incineration
Gasification
Cement Industry

16. Option 1. Landfill Can be stand-alone or back-up to other options
Temporary Storage
Landfill
30% DS
50% DS
Solar Drying Beds
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
30% DS
Can be stand-alone or back-up to other options
Mono-landfill is more suitable for biosolids > 50% DS
Cost of achieving >50% should be much cheaper than for additional volume of landfill
Low cost
Simple Technology
Landfills are considered beneficial use because the recovered bio-methane is used for energy generation

17. Option 2. Composting More appropriate at 30% DS since water is needed
Solar Drying Beds
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
30% DS
Composting
Compost for agricultural use
More appropriate at 30% DS since water is needed
Cannot be a stand alone option but a component of other options
Bio solids compost product usually generates a revenue
The Site should be adjacent to the treatment plant
Marketing effort required
High Capital cost
Medium Technology
Policy required

18. Option 3. Land Application
Agriculture 25%
Solar Drying Beds
Temporary Storage
Rangeland/ Badia 25%
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
30% DS
50% DS
Others 50%
Agriculture and rangeland could use 50% of the produced biosolids
Construct concrete pad in storage area to avoid compromising quality during turning and loading
Requires tipping fee for land application
Policy JS1145
Transportation !!!!

19. Energy recovery Option 4a. Mono-Incineration
Incineration Ash
Solar Drying Beds
30% -
50% DS
Temporary Storage
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
> 50% DS
Heat value of digested biosolids per RSS is 3,624 Cal/g (6,500 BTU/lb)
Very High capital cost
Waste incinerators are hands-down the most expensive technology for generating electricity.
DS > 50% to be sufficient.
 pre-drying of the sludge and pre-heating of the combustion air may be necessary.
Facility should be located adjacent to WWTP 17

20. Energy recovery Option 4b. Gasification
Gasification Ash
Solar Drying Beds
Greenhouse or Windrow Drying
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
30% DS
>75% DS
Similar to mono-incineration, but gasification instead of incineration
Requires >75% DS, If temporary storage can’t achieve consistent
>75%, additional drying facility required.
Less established technology than incineration
Emission quality better than for incineration
After energy content testing, can estimate energy recovery potential
Facility should be located adjacent to WWTP

21. Energy Recovery Conclusions
Risky investment.
High investment
not financially competitive.
Not Safe or pollution-free.
Cannot co-exist with Zero Waste.
Not climate-friendly.
Not renewable energy.
Not generate significant electricity, nationally or locally.

22. Option 6. Cement Industry
Solar Drying Beds
Temporary Storage
3% DS
BFP
18% DS
30% DS
>75% DS
Cement Factory
Can be used in cement factories
Must agree to accept biosolids based on heating value
Al Rajhi requires >75% DS and uniform size
If temporary storage can’t achieve >75%, additional drying facility is required
Energy recovery value and carbon credit can be sent to cement companies
Minimum capital investment.
Fatwa!!!!

23. Conclusion
land fill is the best option up to date due the following reasons:
Can be a stand alone option.
Max 50% DS required.
Heat value is not an issue.
No marketing effort is required
Low investment
Low risk
No required policies or standards
Methane source

24. Thank You