1. Objective:Analyze the Function of the skeletal system 5.02

2. Functions…. The Human Body has 206 bones.
Support body and provides shape.
Protects internal organs.
Movement and anchorage of muscles-
Abduction and adduction
Circumduction and rotation
Flexion and extension
Pronation and supination
Mineral Storage (calcium and phosphorus)
Hemopoiesis-
1. White cells made in yellow marrow
2. Red cells made in red marrow

3. Objective: Explain the structure of the bones 5.01

4. An Osteocyte is a bone cell
Periosteum tough covering of the long bones containing blood vessels and nerves.
Bone Formation:
Embryo skeletal starts as osteoblasts (primative embryonic cells) – then change to cartilage.
At 8 weeks, OSSIFICATION begins. (Mineral matter begins to replace cartilage) infant bones soft because ossification not complete at birth.
Fontanel – Soft spot on baby’s head

5. Structure of Long Bone Diaphysis – Shaft Epiphyses – ends
Periosteum – tough covering of long bones, contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
Diaphysis – Shaft
Epiphyses – ends
Medullary Cavity – Center of shaft, filled with yellow bone marrow, which is mostly fat cells, also cells that form white blood cells.
Endosteum – lines marrow cavity
Shaft is made of Compact bone – ends are spongy Bone, Ends contain red marrow where red blood cells are made.

6. Long Bone

7. Axial & Appendicular Skeleton
Axial – skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, hyoid
Appendicular – shoulder girdle, arms, pelvis, legs

8. Skull
1 frontal
2 Parietal
2 Temporal
1 Occipital
2 Ethmoid
2 Sphenoid

9. Frontal Bone
Parietal Bone
Ethmoid Bone →
Temporal Bone
Sphenoid Bone→
Occipital Bone

10. Skull 2 nasal 1 vomer 2 maxilla 2 lacrimal 2 zygomatic 2 palatine
1 mandible

11. Spine – Vertebral Column
Encloses the spinal cord
Vertebrae – separated by pads of cartilage=intervertebral discs
1. Cervical vertebrae (7)B
2. Thoracic vertebrae (12)L
3. Lumbar vertebrae (5)S
4. Sacrum-fused
5. Coccyx-fused
*You eat breakfast at 7 am you eat lunch at 12 noon and supper at 5!

12. Ribs and Sternum
Sternum divided into 3 parts-bottom tip is xiphoid process
12 pairs of ribs-first 7 are true ribs-connected to sternum by cartilage
Next 3 are false ribs-cartilage connects them to 7th rib (not sternum)
Next 2 are floating

13. Appendicular Skeleton
Clavicle- collar bone
Scapula- shoulder blade
Humerus-upper arm
Radius and ulna-lower arm
Carpals-wrist bones
Metacarpals-hand bones
Phalanges-fingers
Pelvis-3 bones(ilium, ischium, and pubis
Femur-upper leg, longest and strongest bones in body
Tibia and fibula-lower leg
Patella-kneecap
Tarsal bones-ankle
Calcaneus-heel bone
Metatarsals-foot bones

14. Joints….are points of contact between 2 bones classified according to movement
Synovial Fluid – lubricating substance in joints.

15. Joints….Suture immovable joint in skull
Ball and Socket Joint
Hinge Joints
Pivot Joint
Gliding Joints
Bone with ball shaped head fits into concave socket Example: shoulder and hip.
Move in one direction or plane.
Example: Knees, elbows, outer joints of fingers.
Rotate on a 2nd, arch shaped bone. Example: Radius and ulna
Flat surfaces glide across each other.
Example:
Vertebrae of spine.

17. Types of Motion…turn to page 83….
Flexion
Is the act of bringing two bones closer together which decrease the angle between two bones.
Extension
Is the act of increasing the angle between two bones which results in a straightening motion.
Abduction
Is the movement of an extremity away from the midline .
Adduction
Is movement toward the midline.
Circumduction
Includes flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Rotation
Movement allows a bone to move around one central axis.

18. Types of motion… Supination- The palm is forward or upward.
Pronation-
the forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward or backward.
Supination-
The palm is forward or upward.

19. Test your gray matter…
What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side of the hand?
Patella, Tibia, Radius, ulna
Which of the following is NOT classified as a cranial bone? Parietal, Sternum, Occipital, Temporal
The medical term for the finger bones is:
Carpals, Tarsals, Phalanges, Ulnas
The medical term for the knee-cap is the: Patella, Calcaneous, Tarsals, Tibia crest
The outer covering of the bone is the: Cartilage, Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Periosteum
The largest bone in the body is the; Femur, Scapula, Pelvis, Sternum
Another name for the breast bone is the: Scapula, Ulna, Sternum, Xiphoid process
The shaft of a long bone is called the: Medulla, Epiphysis, Periosteum, Diaphysis
Bones of the skull, spine and chest make up the: Appendicular skeleton, Axial skeleton, Dorsal skeleton, Ventral Skeleton

20. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvis
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvis? Coccyx, Ischium, Ilium, Pubis
The fluid that reduces the friction during joint movement is: Bursa fluid, Pleural fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Synovial fluid
The process of blood cell information in the red bone marrow of bones is called: Erythrocytopenia, Hemopoiesis, Hemolysis, Leukoblastosis
Dense bone is called compact bone and porous bone is called? Bone marrow, Spongy bone, Cartilage, Soft bone
One function of the skeletal system is the storage of: Calcium, Iron, Chloride, Oxygen
Bones are composed of microscopic cells called: Dendrites, Osteoclasts, Leukocytes, Osteocytes
Chewing involves the use of which moveable skull bone? Maxilla, Zygomatic, Mandible, Parietal
The areas where cranial bones join together to form immovable joints are called: Cranial seal, Sutures, Foramen, Fontanels
What type of joint allows the greatest freedom of movement? Ball and socket joints ,Pivot joints, hinge joints, Gliding joints

21. Test your gray matter…
If your move from a sitting to a standing position, what type of joint movement occurs at the knee? Flexion, Abduction, Extension, Adduction
What type of movement occurs when you turn your head from side to side to say “no”? Circumduction, Supination, Pronation, Rotation

22. That’s all……