1. KINGDOM FUNGI
Chapter 20

3. Characteristics
-Can grow anywhere
-grow best in moist environments at warm
temperatures
Structure
-unicellular types are yeasts
-most fungi are multicellular
-basic structural units: threadlike filaments called hyphae
-hyphae develop from spores & form network of filaments called mycelium

4. Benefits -break down organic materials that would otherwise litter the earth -release nutrients so other living things can use them How do they obtain food? -use extracellular digestion-release digestive enzymes onto the food and absorb small molecules as they are broken down

5. Feeding relationship
-Saprophytes: decomposers that feed on waste or dead organic material
-mutualists: live in symbiotic relationship w/ another organism (algae)
-parasitic: absorb nutrients from living cells of their hosts (tree diseases)

6. Reproduction in fungi -Asexual: -yeasts use budding, where they reproduce through mitosis, and the new cell splits off of the parent cell -fragmentation: in multicellular fungi, pieces of hyphae are broken off and grow into a new mycelium -Sexual/Both -spores: hyphae grow when favorable conditions are found

7. - many spores are produced at one time, increases germination and improves chance of species survival -moved wind, water, insects, & birds

8. Examples: Mushrooms Yeast Bread mold Penicillium Truffles
Athlete’s foot
Produce cheeses, yogurt and cottage cheese (examples to follow)

9. Examples
Cont’d

10. Truffles Yeast British soldiers Fungal infection on the nail
Yeast infection on
the tongue
Morels
Cont’d

11. Fungus on an agar plate
Athlete’s Foot
Mold on
fruit
Penicillium
Cont’d

12. Types of Fungi Zygomycotes 1000 species, decomposers, reproduce
Asexually through spores
-include Rhizopus, bread mold

13. Examples
Hyphae
Mycelium made of hyphae

14. Bread mold
Cont’d

15. Ascomycotes Largest phylum, 30,000 species Called sac fungi
Include morels, truffels, and yeasts
Yeasts are used in baking, brewing, and wine making

16. Yeast cells budding
end

17. Basidiomycotes (Club Fungi) -one of the most diverse types, 25,000 species -includes mushrooms, puffballs, bird’s nest fungi, rust, and smut fungi -have club shaped hyphae called basidia that produce spores

18. Cap Stalk Gills Basidia: inside gills, small, lines inside
Spores: attached to basidia

19. Powerful Puffballs

20. Deuteromycotes
25,000 species
antibiotic penicillin is made from a fungi that grows on fruit
Used in making soy sauce and blue cheese

21. Penicillium on an orange
Cont’d