1. Fungi Fungi grow as filaments – hyphae Mycelium – mass of hyphae
Most do not have complete cell walls – septa divide walls
Cell walls – contain chitin
Haustoria – hyphae that penetrate their host.

2. Mycelium

3. Stages of Sexual Cycles
Plasmogamy – fusing of two cells from two different fungal strains to produce a single cell with nuclei from both strains
Karyogamy – nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus
Meiosis – restores the haploid condition – haploid hyphae then form.

4. Zygomycota Bread Molds Lack septa
Undergo plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis
Zygospores – germinate into new hyphae

5. Zygomycota Life cycle

6. Mold

7. Young zygospore

8. Ascomycota Yeasts, mildew, truffles Cup Fungus Have septa
Reproduce sexually with ascospores
Ascus contain ascospores
Fruiting body - ascocarp

9. Ascomycota

10. Ascomycota Life Cycle

11. Basidiomycota Have septa Reproduce sexually – producing basidiospores
Basidiocarp – fruiting body
Mushrooms

12. Mushrooms

13. Mushroom life cycle

14. Deuteromycota
Artificial fungi – Penicillium
No sexual cycle

15. Mold on Orange

16. Mutualistic Relationships
Lichens – relationship between algae and fungi
Mycorrhizae – association between fungi and plant roots

17. Lichens

18. Lichens

19. Fungal Examples