1. UNIT 1: Classification
Instructional Approach(s): The ppt is intended to provide very general information. The majority of time should be spent completing the activities and handouts that reinforce the informationNote: There is not a note-taking sheet for the first part of the ppt. Students will need to copy necessary information, and you may want to provide copies of certain slides as needed.
Activating strategy - Allow students to briefly (1-2 minutes) discuss (Hypothesize) what they think classification means.

2. Learning Target: I can classify living organisms.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should introduce the essential question for the lesson.

3. Standards
GSE S7L1: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.
GSE 7L1b: Evaluate historical models of how organisms were classified based on physical characteristics how that led to the six-kingdom system (currently archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals)
(Clarification statement: This includes common examples and characteristics such as, but not limited to, prokaryotic, eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, autotroph, heterotroph, and unique cell structures.)
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should introduce the standards that align to the essential question.

4. Vocabulary/Kim chart words
1.Diversity
2.Binomial Nomenclature
3.Taxonomy
4.Classification
5.Cell
6.Organism
7.Unicellular
8.Multicellular
9.Producer (Autotroph)
10.Consumer (Heterotroph)
11.Prokaryote
12.Eukaryote
13.Kingdom
14.Dichotomous Key

5. What are the characteristics of ALL living things?
Made of Cells
Use and need energy
Grow and Develop
Reproduce
React to changes
Respond to their environment

6. What is Taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with classifying and naming of organisms
Taxonomist: biologist who study taxonomy

7. What is classification?
Classification is the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities.
Instructional Approach(s): Conclude Activating strategy - Allow students to briefly (1-2 minutes) discuss if their hypothesis of classification was correct.

8. Why should things be classified?
Classification makes things easier to find, identify, and study.
Instructional Approach(s): have students brainstorm things that are classified into groups.   Use page 215 of the McDougal Littell textbook to illustrate the seven levels of classification.

9. How did it start?
People wanted to organize their world so they began grouping, or classifying everything they saw.

10. Things that fly
Things that swim
Things that crawl
Things that walk on four legs
Things that chew their food
Things that swallow food whole
Things that are toxic

11. Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist
He developed a classification system based on similarities between organisms (plants/animals)
Today we use an eight level system to classify living things

12. Scientists use a system of classification to organize and name living organisms.
Instructional Approach(s): ask students to remember back to 5th grade when they learned about classification and see if they can remember anything about it.
This may also be a good time to do an interactive activator such as the Shoe Investigation or Give students baggies with various objects to sort and classify Put students in groups of 3-4. Have one student each group think of an object. The student should then tell the group one characteristic (shape, color, size, type, and so on) of that object. The rest of the group guesses the object’s identity. Each time someone guesses incorrectly, another characteristic of the object should be given. Keep record of the number of guesses it takes to identify the object. If time permits, different group members can select objects. However, the activity as a whole should not take more than 7-10 minutes total.

13. Levels of classification from largest to smallest:
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Levels of classification from largest to smallest:
The Best Classification Rap with Lyrics
Instructional Approach(s): Show video clips and allow students to sing along!
Have students write down the levels of Classification. You may find later that students get mixed up with the levels of classification and the 6 Kindgdoms. Check for understanding that classification is actually to group together organisms with like characteristics and ultimately find their correct kingdom. You do not need to show all three classification rap songs. They are short, but let the students select which one they like the best to remember the order.
Classification of Organisms

14. Instructional Approach(s): Use the diagram to discuss the characteristics each level has in common. Also have students discuss why the particular organism was eliminated each time.

15. Choose one of mnemonic device to help you remember the levels of classification from largest to smallest.
Examples: King Phillip came over for grape soda. King Phillip came over from Germany Saturday. King Phillip can order fresh green salad
Instructional Approach(s): Go over the examples, reviewing what each word stands for. Allow students to individually or with an elbow partner, to create their own mnemonic device.

16. What is Binomial Nomenclature?
Bi means two
Nomen means name
A binomial nomenclature is a scientific way of naming living organism with a genius and a species

17. (Notice that scientific name are always written in italics)
Genus + species = scientific name
Capital lower case
A scientific name is the same no matter how many common names an organism might have.
Instructional Approach(s): Present information in slide. Because there is a not note-taking sheet, be sure they copy the information from the slide into their notebook.
(Notice that scientific name are always written in italics)

18. Classification of Living Things Video:
6-Kingdoms
Mr. Parr: Classification Song (same but with words)
Instructional Approach(s): The videos are all similar. Select one of the clips to reinforce classification.
Mr. Parr: Classification Song (modified w/pics)

19. Other examples: Ursus horribilis for grizzly bear
Felis domesticus for house cat
Instructional Approach(s): Go over examples, reviewing genus, species and correct capitalization and italics. Watch video clip.

20. Most scientists today use a system that includes six kingdoms.
Transition slide

21. Model of classification in the past
Moneran:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria
3. Protists
4. Fungi
5. Plants
6. Animals
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on slide. Be sure to note the use of the word “Moneran”. While not included in further instruction, it appears in sample questions on the content map.

22. Current classification 6 kingdoms
1. Archaebacteria
2. Bacteria
3. Protists
4. Fungi
5. Plants
6. Animals

23. Instructional Approach(s): Have students use organisms in the illustrations to determine possible characteristics for each kingdom.

24. Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should use the image on the slide to illustrate some of the vocabulary for the kingdoms.

25. Kingdoms
The grouping of organisms into KINGDOMS is based on 4 factors:
1. Cell Type
2. Cell Number
3. Feeding Type
4. Reproduction

26. Prokaryotes (NO nucleus) & Eukaryotes (DO carry a nucleus)
1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of a nucleus.
Prokaryotes (NO nucleus) & Eukaryotes (DO carry a nucleus)

27. 2. Cell number - Whether the organisms exist as single cells or as many cells
Unicellular- single celled organism
Multicellular- many celled organism

28. Unicellular
Multicellular

29. 3. Feeding Type - How the organisms get their energy
*Producer (Autotroph)
Makes it’s own food
*Consumer (Heterotroph)
Must eat other organisms to survive

30. 4. Reproduction Type - How the organisms produce offspring
*Asexual One parent
Binary Fission
Fragmentation
Budding
*Sexual Two Parents

31. 6 Kingdoms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

32. First Two Kingdoms
The first two kingdoms involve bacteria. Scientists at one time grouped bacteria into one kingdom but just recently divided them into two groups: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Both groups of bacteria are prokaryotes and unicellular

33. Archaebacteria Kingdom1:
Archaebacteria is called ancient bacteria as they date back 4 billion years
Found in harsh environments that no other organism lives. We call them “heat-loving” or “salt-loving” or “Methane-loving”
The yellow and orange rings around the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park were formed by the remains of archaebacteria billions of years ago!

34. Archaebacteria Gets energy from sunlight (producer/autotroph)
Breaks down things in dead or decaying organisms (decomposer/heterotroph)
Asexual reproduction by binary fission
Reproduces in a short amount of time
Different chemical makeup than bacteria

35. Archaebacteria Examples:
Halophiles- found in conditions with high salt content. Lakes and seawater.
Methanogens- produce methane and found in intestines of ruminants and in bogs and sewage treatment plants.
Thermophiles- found in environments with intense heat, like springs and near hydrothermal vents.

36. Kingdom 2:Eubacteria
It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they bacteria that live in normal conditions like the human body or pond water.

37. Bacterial Shape
Spherical
Rod
Spiral

38. Bacterial Locomotion Some bacteria have flagella or cilia for movement
Some secrete a slime layer and ooze over surfaces like slugs

39. Bacterial Feeding
Some are producers/autotroph and can photosynthesize like a plant.
Some are decomposers/heterotroph that decompose dead or decaying organisms.

40. Bacteria creates yogurt, cheese, medicines and cleaning solutions
Bacteria creates yogurt, cheese, medicines and cleaning solutions. They also are decomposers and help with the nitrogen cycle.
Examples: E. Coli, Streptomyces, Rhizobium
99% of bacteria is helpful and only 1% is harmful causing diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria.

41. Bacteria Reproduction
Reproduces asexually by binary fission.
Reproduces in a short amount of time

42. 3rd Kingdom/Protists
Protists are Eukaryote unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Examples: slime molds, protozoa, primitive algae and brown algae.

43. Protists Most diverse Kingdom
Animal-like, fungus-like, and plant-like protists (the left-overs)
Some are beneficial
Mostly asexual reproduction, but some sexual reproduction
Found in lakes and ponds
Some can cause diseases in humans, such as:

44. Protist examples
1. Amoeba

45. PARAMECIUM

46. EUGLENA

47. Protists Disease
Amebic dysentery
Ameba histolytica

48. Protists Disease
African Sleeping Sickness
 Trypanosoma

49. Protists Disease Malaria
Malaria kills about one million people every year!
Plasmodium

50. Protists Movement
Pseudopod (false foot)
Flagella/cilia (hairs)

51. Protists Feeding Style
Protists can be
producers(autotrophs) or
consumers(heterotroph)
Decomposers(heterotroph)

52. Protists Ameoba Euglena Diatom Paramecium Algae
Instructional Approach(s): Use pictures to illustrate characteristics of protists.
Algae

53. 4th Kingdom/Fungi Fungi includes some of the most important organisms.
Cycle nutrients through ecosystem by breaking down dead organic material.

54. Fungi All fungi are eukaryotic
They may be unicellular or multicellular
Asexual or sexual reproduction
Found in wet areas
Unicellular (yeast)
Multicellular

55. Fungi Fungi can be very helpful
Penicillin
Fungi can be very helpful
Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi

56. Fungi Fungi also causes a number of plant and animal diseases:
Example: Athlete's Foot

57. Fungi
Ringworm

58. Fungi Movement Fungi do not move
They have root-like structures that they use for attachment

59. Fungi Feeding All fungi are consumers (heterotrophs)
They absorb nutrients from dead organic matter

60. 5th Kingdom/Plants
Plants are multicellular organisms made of Eukaryotic cells that have a cell wall. They get food through photosynthesis so they are producers (autotrophs).
Asexual or sexual reproduction

61. Mosses

62. Liverworts & Hornworts

63. Ferns

64. Conifers (cone bearing)
Gymnosperms
Oldest vascular plants

65. Flowering plants
Angiosperms

66. 6th Kingdom/Animalia
Animals are multicellular and made of the more complex Eukaryotic cells. All are consumers (heterotrophs) that are capable of movement at some point in their lives.

67. Sexual reproduction
Some important animal groups (phyla) are the:

68. Porifera: sponges

69. Cnidarians: Jellyfish, corals, and other stingers
Cnidarians: Jellyfish, corals, and other stingers. . . Their stinger is called a nematocyst

70. Nematocyst

71. Mollusks
Octopi, squid
Clams, oysters
Snails, slugs

72. Platyhelminthes (flat worms)
Tapeworms & flukes
Human liver fluke

73. Annelids (segmented worms)
Worms & leeches

74. Echinoderms
Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

75. Arthropods
Shell fish, arachnids & BUGS!

76. Chordates
The Chordata is the animal phylum with which everyone is most familiar, since it includes humans and other vertebrates.

77. Asexual reproduction types
Asexual reproduction: one parent only
1.Binary fission: parent divides into two parts
Example: bacteria

78. Budding:- when the offspring grows on the body of parent as a bud until it is big enough to live on its own and the it will separate itself from parent.
Example: Hydra [kingdom Animalia]

79. FRAGMENTATION:- parent’s body divides into many parts and all the parts grow into new individuals.
Example: starfish