1. Athens

2. Vocabulary
Tribute: payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence.
Alliance: a union or association formed for mutual benefit, between countries.
Coffers: a strongbox or small chest for holding valuables
Treasury: a place or building where treasure is stored
Agora: a public open space used for assemblies and markets

3. Peloponnesian War
After the battle of Salamis, the Greek city states wanted to secure their defenses against further attack
So the Greek states met on the island of Delos and formed an alliance
This Military Alliance is called the Delian League
Since Athens was one of the most powerful city-states it became the leader of the Delian League

4. Abuse of Power
The members of the Delian league pooled their money to build ships
Pericles the leader of Athens had the Delian leagues’ treasury moved to Athens and added to the king’s own coffers
Athens then used this money to improve Athens by building monuments and improvements to the city
When the other cities protested Athens retaliated by using force(the Delian navy) and imposing tribute upon them
The Spartans and other city-states created the Peloponnesian League and fought Athens for 20 years
Sparta Defeated Athens in 404 BCE

5. Rebuilding the Acropolis
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6. Truce and Games
Collectively, the cities agreed to periods of truce to honor their gods, tend to farming or just to have fun
During these truces the Greeks enjoyed competing in sporting competitions
The most famous of these was the Olympics held every four years in the city- state of Olympia
The games started in 776 BCE
Every city would send their best athletes and the winner would received a laurel and glorify their city

7. Athenian Society:
Around the 5th century BCE Athens had inhabitants
The social organization is hierarchical
There were 3 levels of society:
1) Citizens and their families
2) Metics and their families
3) Slaves
These social groups were well defined and it was rare that you could go from one group to another

8. Athenian Society: Citizens
Citizens were the only one who could vote and participate in government
To be a citizen one had to be: a man, have an Athenian mother and father, and have fulfilled his military service to Athens by 18
The family of a citizen belonged to the citizenry but had any political rights
Only citizens could own land
Some became rich and powerful but many also lived modestly or in poverty

9. Athenian Society: Metics
Metics are free foreigners
Majority come from other city states but sometimes from the colonies of Greece as well
They had no rights politically
They were obligated to do military service and pay a special tax but otherwise they were respected and protected by laws
Metics could now own land but they were artists, intellectuals, merchants and artisans
Many became rich

10. Athenian Society: Slaves
Slaves were usually prisoners of war, or children of slaves (they were born into slavery).
They could also be bought at slave auctions held by pirates
An owner could free their slaves if they chose but it rarely happened
Slaves had no rights
Slaves were important to Athenian economy as they di most of the manual labour
The law did protect slaves in some ways
An abusive master could be punished and slaves that were mistreated to ask to be resold

11. Athenian Society: Athenian Women
Women had no political rights
They mainly took care of the home and raised children
They were respected since they passed citizenship to their sons
Athenian women participated in religious ceremonies, went to theatre, worked and sold their goods in the Agora

12. Education for Athenian Women and Men
Girls were taught domestic tasks until 15
Citizen Males would enter elementary and gymnasium at the age of 7 and be introduced to reading, writing, art, music, physical arts,
At 14 they would enter secondary education and learn science, history and philosophy
They could apply to higher learning after this, usually after their military service