1. Rise of England, 16th-17th c.
Military conflicts
Reformation in England
Economic/mercantile growth
Decline of Spain

2. Quelling internal revolts
Subduing Welsh during reign of Henry VIII
(r )
Nine Years’ War ( )
Elizabeth I (r )
1603 James VI Stuart of Scotland becomes king
of England (James I, r )

3. Map Link: The British Isles, 1603-1688:
<
_1603_1688.jpg>
Tudor Family Tree:
<

4. Spanish Armada, 1588
Philip II of Spain (r )
1554 Philip II marries Mary I (r )
1570s Philip loses patience with Elizabeth
1585 English support Dutch rebellion. English
also supporting French Huguenots

5. 7th Feb 1587 Elizabeth executes Mary, Queen
of Scots
Apr 1587 Sir Francis Drake (c ) burns
Spanish ships at Cadiz
“Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard”
May 1588 Armada sets out for England
“I know I have the body of a weak, feeble
woman; but I have the heart and stomach
of a king, and of a king of England too.”

6. Map Link: Routes of the Spanish Armada:
<
0/0f/Routes_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif/329px-Routes
_of_the_Spanish_Armada.gif>

7. Edward VI (r )
English Bible of William Tyndale ( )
and Miles Coverdale ( )
Book of Common Prayer, by Thomas Cranmer
(d. 1556)

8. Mary I (“Bloody Mary”, r. 1553-58)
17th Nov 1558 Death of Mary
Elizabeth I (r ): “Supreme governor
of the realm in all things ecclesiastical and
temporal” (Act of Supremacy, 1559)

9. Act of Uniformity, 1559
Sacraments: Eucharist and Baptism
Marriage for clergy
System of bishops, and elaborate church ritual
Salvation by faith over works

10. Calvinist Protestants (Puritans)
1570 Pope Pius V (p ) excommunicates
Elizabeth, with no significant effect
Nationalism trumping religion?
1603 Accession of James I
King James Bible
“The wisest fool in Christendom”

11. Economic and Mercantile Growth:
Improved agriculture and use of natural
resources
Developing exports, especially textiles
Exploring new markets: Sir Francis Drake,
Sir Walter Raleigh ( )

12. 1584-87 Establishment of colony at Roanoke
1620 Puritans settle at Plymouth, Mass.
Displacing First Nations

13. 1560s Dutch resistance to Spanish rulers
1572 Dutch rebel against Spanish
1579 Formation of Dutch United Provinces
1585 English support Dutch
Map Link: The Netherlands, :
<
Northern_Netherlands_map_002.jpg>.

14. 1609 Peace between Dutch and Spain
1621 War breaks out again
1648 Spanish recognise Dutch independence
at Peace of Westphalia

15. Decline of Spain in late 16th/early 17th c.
Expenses outweighing income
Neglect of agricultural development
Lack of development of colonies
Rebellions against taxes in Portugal and Catalonia
Losing territories: Dutch United Provinces (1648),
Portugal (1668), Franche-Comté (Burgundy,
1678), others

16. First period of Stuart monarchy (1603-88)
Charles I (r )
Issues:
Money
Religion
Political
power

17. 1215 Magna Carta
By 17th c. England has parliament
with House of Commons and
House of Lords
James I (r )

18. James I:
Selling titles, offices, monopolies
Charles I:
Conflict with parliament
Taxes, fines, selling right to collect
customs duties
Bill of Rights, 1689

19. Divine right of kings
esp. James I, James II (r )

20. The plot to restore Catholicism?
Charles I’s adherence to Arminianism
1670 Charles II signs secret treaty with
Louis XIV (r )
James II ignoring the Test Act of 1673
1688 James II has son baptised Catholic

21. Divisions among Protestants
Anglicans, incl. Arminians
Puritans, split into:
Moderates (“Presbyterians”)
Militants (“Independents”)

22. 1645 Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) forms
New Model Army with mostly
Independent officers
Rump Parliament
30th Jan 1649 Execution of Charles I

23. Other religious or socio-political groups:
Baptists
Society of Friends/Quakers
Fifth Monarchy Men
Ranters
Levellers
Diggers/True Levellers

24. Divine right vs. previous agreements and
“popular” mandate
Charles I’s frequent dissolution of parliament
Parliament’s refusal to be dissolved (e.g. 1629)
Concerns raised in Bill of Rights
Need for a king