1. Medical
Imaging

2. Radiograph (X-ray)
X-rays are a form of energy (photons) that are able to pass through some objects (soft tissue) and not others (denser)
Radiographs are two dimensional images (negatives) which have been exposed to X-rays.
Problems- structures overlap, subtle differences in tissue difficult to distinguish

28. Family Photo!

33. Computed Tomography (CT)
X-ray beam moves in arc around body giving a cross sectional view
Images stacked to produce 3 dimensional picture- can be rotated (plan surgery)
Quick and painless- replaces exploratory surgery
Detailed images
Good for tumors, aneurysms, kidney stones, gallstones, infections, tissue damage, and deformities

39. Baby Mammoth’s Cause Of Death Determined By CT Scan

40. CAT scan??

41. Angiography
Catheter placed into artery (femoral, brachial, axillary usually)
Radioactive dye injected
X-ray image taken before and after (DSA)
Shows flow through vessels

43. Urethrogram

44. Uses a gamma camera to take a picture
Bone Scan
Radioactive elements injected into body to show increased bone activity
Uses a gamma camera to take a picture

46. Barium GI scan

47. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
Uses radioactive positrons (positively charged particles) to detect subtle changes in the body's metabolism and chemical activities
Provides a color-coded image of the body's function — rather than its structure — in a particular area
A positron-producing radioisotope called a tracer is either injected into a vein or inhaled as a gas- emits positrons, which collide with electrons, producing gamma rays

51. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
(SPECT) scan
Capable of providing information about blood flow to tissue
Sensitive diagnostic tool used to detect stress fracture, spondylosis, infection, and tumor
Radionuclide injected intravenously- tissues absorb radionuclide as circulated in the blood- camera rotates around the patient- picks up photons- information transferred to a computer- converts the data onto film

54. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Measures response of protons to pulse of radio waves while magnetized
Produces colored 2 or 3 dimensional blueprint
Cannot be used with pacemaker, metal joints, or pregnant women
Non evasive- employs harmless radiation
Used for tumors, artery clogging plaques, mental disorders, brain changes, metabolism studies
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56. “If I Only Had a Brain”
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57. Sound waves used to create a picture using echoes Safe for all
Sonogram
Sound waves used to create a picture using echoes
Safe for all
Not good for air-filled structures or structures surrounded by bone

61. New Infrared Imaging (with inserted nanotubes)
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