1. Ch. 5 Human Geography Ch. 6 Human Systems
World Geography Ch. 5 & 6
Ch. 5 Human Geography
Ch. 6 Human Systems

2. Population
Population density – average number of people living in an area
World population is NOT spread evenly
There are 4 major regions of dense settlement
Eastern Asia
South Asia
Europe
Eastern North America

4. Population Density maps

5. Population Change 3 factors cause change in populations.
Birthrate
Death rate
Migration
Emigrants – people who leave a country
Immigrants – people who enter a country
Natural increase - population growth based just on birthrates and death rates.

6. Reasons for Population Increases
SECTION 1
Population Geography
Reasons for Population Increases
medical advances lead to better health care, which allows people to live longer.
agricultural advances lead to increased food production, which allows more people to live in an area.
sanitation advances lead to cleaner living conditions, which help people stay healthy.

7. Population Growth 1 A.D. – 300 million 1600 – 600 million
1850 – 1.2 billion
1930 – 2 billion
1975 – 4 billion
Today – 7 billion
Increasing 80 million per year or 220,000 per day

8. World population map

9. Culture Culture – all the features of a people’s way of life
Culture Traits – activities and behaviors that people do
Culture Region – an area that has many shared culture traits
Ethnic Groups – a people with common cultural background or ancestry
Culture Change
Acculturation – when one culture changes a great deal through its meeting with another culture
Innovation – new ideas that are accepted into a culture
Diffusion – an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted

10. Cultural Geography SECTION 2 Culture Traits
government Example: democratic system, elected officials at local, state, and national levels
religion
education
language
Culture Traits
economy
housing
clothing
food

11. Every plane trip in the world in a 24 hour period

14. Religion
Religion is a key culture trait that binds many societies together and gives meaning to people’s lives.
Ethnic religions – focus on an ethnic group
Animist religions – believe in presence of spirits and forces of nature
- Usually polytheistic (belief in many gods)
Universalizing religions – Believe that their religion is for everyone and seeks converts
Christianity and Islam are the two largest.
Monotheistic religions (belief in one God)

15. Hinduism
Buddhism

16. Islam

17. Judaism

18. Christianity

19. Economics Economics is:
The study of how things are made, bought, sold, and used.
The study of how people make choices to satisfy their wants.
This includes goods (stuff) and services (things done for you)
The study of economics begins with the idea that people cannot have everything they need and want.

20. NEED
necessary for survival such as air, food, and shelter
WANT
Items and services that are desired but not essential to survival

21. Different countries have different economies.
Subsistence economy – goods and services for survival
Market economy – people freely choose what to buy and sell
Free enterprise – competition determines prices
Capitalism – goods and services are privately owned
Command economy – government decides what to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge
Property is publically owned
Communism – is a command economy where the government controls all means of production

22. Economic Geography SECTION 1 Economy Motivator Description Location
traditional or subsistence
survival
People make goods for themselves or their families with little surplus.
mostly in poor countries and rural areas
market
profit
People freely choose what to buy and sell.
most of the world’s rich countries
command
government regulations
The government establishes products, locations, and prices.
communist countries

23. Subsistence Economy

24. FREE MARKET
People are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want, whenever they want, and any way they want
People can work wherever they want

25. FREE MARKET
Capitalism is another name for market economies
People enjoy a free enterprise system

26. Command Economy
Government decides what products to make, how many to make, how to make them, and who gets them
Government controls factories, farms, natural resources, transportation systems, and stores

27. Command Economy
Individual has little or no say
Soviet Union used to have this type of economy
There is no competition

28. Economic Indicators Ways to measure economic development
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a given year.
Amount of industry
Literacy
Infrastructure
Technology

29. Developed and Developing Countries
Developed countries - the world’s wealthiest countries
Have industry, good education, etc.
Developing countries – poorer countries of the world.
¾ of the world lives in these
Little of no industry and education, etc.
Rural people who live on subsistence farming

30. Old terminology

31. New Terminology

32. Hunting, Gathering, and Agriculture
Hunting and gathering –hunting, foraging, or collecting foods from the surrounding land. (living off the wilderness)
Agriculture – farming and animal herding (living from cultivating the land for use)

33. Agriculture and Human History
SECTION 2
Urban and Rural Geography
Agriculture and Human History
Hunter-gatherers move with the seasons in search of food.
People develop agriculture and transform their environments.
Towns and cities grow as civilizations develop.
Agriculture provides surplus food and allows people to learn new crafts and skills.
Humans domesticate plants and animals.
Trade between cities increases cultural diffusion.

34. City Life Urbanization – growth in people living in towns and cities
In developed countries about 75% of people live in cities.
In developing countries less than half of people live in cities.
As population grows so will urbanization.

36. Politics
Government is the governing body of a nation, state, or community.
How a country is run or runs itself.
Not everyone has the same type of government.
United Nations - worldwide organization that tries to settle problems among and within countries

38. Political Geography SECTION 3 Type of Boundary Description Example
natural
follow a feature of the landscape
U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande
cultural
based on cultural traits such as religion or language
Spain-Portugal border
geometric
follow regular, geometric patterns such as latitude and longitude
U.S.-Canada border

39. Government and Countries
Nationalism – feeling of pride and loyalty to one’s country
Totalitarian government – government ruled by one person or a few people. (Dictator).
Democracy – people decide who will govern (majority always rules)
Republic – The people elect representatives who govern the nation (Rule of Law)
The United States is a Democratic Republic.
The majority elects officials, but individual rights are protected by the Constitution.