1. Europe’s Rush to Africa BRING BOOK TOMORROW!!!
Age of Imperialism
Europe’s Rush to Africa
BRING BOOK TOMORROW!!!

2. Industrial Rev.’s influence
The nations of western Europe, aided by the superior technology, sought in the late nineteenth century to gain large empires overseas.
The Industrial Revolution was a strong influence in the European countries’ decision to expand because:
The countries needed the raw materials from non-industrial countries to keep their businesses, machines, and factories running
They wanted to sell the goods they were producing to new people in new markets.
By 1900, these nations controlled all of Africa, South and Southeast Asia.
Only Japan avoided European domination due to their technology

3. Nation Competing for Overseas Empires
Western European conquest of lands overseas led to colonization and settlement
People of European descent made up the population of most areas in U.S., Canada, Australia, and Latin America
After 1850 a new type of expansion began.
The objective was to control territories for economic reasons and prestige.
This is called imperialism

4. Age of Imperialism
The late 19th century is called the “Age of Imperialism” because nations such as Britain, U.S., France, Germany, and Japan competed for empires.
Britain was the leading world power at this time.
Until the late 1800’s, Britain dominated the worlds trade.
However, as other nations became industrialized, the situation changed.

5. Age of Imperialism
New Industrial powers such as Germany and the U.S. sought out new colonies for trade and other economic reasons.
Other countries such as France and Italy were more concerned with national prestige
Countries justified the take over of other countries by saying that they were bringing new technology to aid them.
They believed that advances in technology showed the superiority in European civilization.

6. Africa
There was no where else in the world where the competition was more fierce than in Africa.
Since the late 1400’s, Europe had maintained trading posts at the harbors along the coast of Africa.
However, the vast interior of the continent of Africa remained unknown.

7. Early Africa Between 1800 and 1875, Europeans would explore Africa.
This exploration led to information about population, and raw materials that could be used by Europeans.
In 1880, Europe only controlled 10% of Africa
Africans had no way to foresee their conquest by outside forces

8. Africa Becomes a Target
Between 1875 and 1900, European nations scrambled for control of of areas of Africa.
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal were involved in the conquest of Africa.
African Resistance was varied, but even when they did resist, they could not overcome European weapons
Because of their advanced technology, many Europeans held the racist belief that they were superior to the natives and thus justified to take the land

9. Resistance and European Reasoning
One exception to this was the Mandingo empire who’s ruler got guns through trade and his own weapons factory.
However, this country could only hold them off for six years.
By 1900, the only two countries that remained that remained independent were Ethiopia and Liberia
Europe’s reasons for imperialism were the following:
Nationalism (National Pride)
Economic Competition
Racism
Attempt to Christianize the “savages”

10. Africa
In most colonies, the European's made up less that 1% of the total population.
European’s set up the government and therefore controlled how it was run.
European rule led to the use of raw materials for trade, therefore the Europeans needed workers and had the native Africans forced to work.

11. South Africa & Boer War
The main focus was on the area of South Africa.
The discovery of gold and diamonds caused the British and the Dutch to engage in the Boer War for control of the Region.
Britain won the war, but they had to give ruling power to the Dutch
Self-Government in Africa did not include native Africans.
The native Africans lived in conditions that were little better than slavery

12. Reasons Why Africans Lost
External Forces
Europeans had superior weapons (Maxim Gun)
Railroads and Steamships allowed Europeans to keep close eye on colonies
Europeans found a cure for the mosquito causing malaria that was a danger on the continent
Internal Causes
Africa is made up of a variety of culture and languages
Thus, they really didn’t unite to fight against enemy
Wars were fought between ethnic groups over land, water, and trade rights
The Africans didn’t have the technology to fight back

13. South Asia
While many countries of Europe competed for Africa, only Britain went after the land in South Asia
This area includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Burma.
By 1900, more than 300 million people lived under British rule.

14. South Asia
The defeat of France in the Seven-Years war gave the British the Eat India Company.
This allowed Britain to trade with that region.
Along with with trade Britain could rule because of weak countries and accomplished this after the Seopy rebellion.

15. South Asia
After the conquest of India, Britain thought that India was the crown in the British Empire.
Most of the profits from India did not stay there, they ended up going back to Britain.
Just like Africa, Indians did not have a voice in their own government.

16. Southeast Asia
In Southeast Asia, a number of European Nations became involved.
The Dutch continued to rule the West Indies
France took over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
Britain acquired Malay Peninsula and Singapore
In 1898, the U.S.acquired the Philippines

17. China
Gaining a good foothold in China was a slow process for European Nations
China was very closed to conquest.
China was very self-sufficient and had very little interest in trade.
European nations tried a variety of strategies to open trade with China

18. China Britain tried to smuggle opium into China illegally.
Protests by the Chinese leaders led to the Opium War in which China was defeated.
In time, China was forced to accept European influence.

19. China
Through a series of treaties, nations set up Spheres of Influence.
Each country gained a region in which it would develop its own business interests.
Europeans living in China were subject only to the laws of their country.

20. China China slowly sank into turmoil.
The Taiping Rebellion (Civil War) killed over 20 million people
With Britain's help, the emperor retained his power
The Boxer Rebellion was crushed in 1908.
Opposition to European control continued
China began to hope for new leaders and a strong government

21. Japan Japan strongly resisted European imperialism.
Japan became more industrialized after the 1870’s.
Now, to feed their industry, Japan began to set up spheres of influence in Asia.
Quarrels with Russia led to the Russo-Japanese was in which Japan took over Manchuria

22. Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt added to the Monroe Doctrine by stating that the U.S. has the authority to intervene in in Latin America to preserve order.
This allowed the U.S. to acquire Hawaii and Cuba and the Panama Canal