1. Civil Rights & Black Power 1945-1970
Created by Mr. Johnson
African American medalists, 1968 Olympics

2. Objective
11.02 – Trace major events in the civil rights movement and evaluate its impact.

3. Major Concepts & Key Terms
The Civil Rights Movement
De jure segregation
De facto segregation
Affirmative action
Turning points
Changes in State & Federal Legislation
Executive Actions
Truman
Eisenhower
Kennedy
Johnson
Black Power movement
Montgomery bus boycotts
Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Malcolm X
Black Panthers
Stokely Carmichael
CORE
SNCC
March on Washington
James Meredith
Little Rock Nine
George Wallace
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
24th Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965

4. Cracks in Jim Crow’s Armor

5. Origin of Jim Crow
Thomas D. Rice’s minstrel shows
“The Happy Slave”

6. Jim Crow Laws Segregation (Plessy decision) Disfranchisement Poll Tax
Literacy Test
Grandfather Clause

7. Executive Actions: FDR
Executive Order 8802
No racial discrimination by government contractors
Strikes and demonstrations
War industry

8. Executive Actions: Truman
Committee on Civil Rights, 1946
Recommendations
Truman’s executive orders
Banned discrimination in hiring of federal employees
Integration of the Armed Forces

9. Integration of the Armed Forces

10. Dixiecrats “States Rights Democratic Party” Strom Thurmond
Abandoned Truman in the 1948 election b/c of civil rights

11. Jackie Robinson, 1947 Signed by Branch Rickey in 1947
Broke the color line in baseball
Achievements
Rookie of the Year, 1947
.311 career batting average
Six All-Star games

12. Jackie Robinson, 1947

13. School Integration: The Fight in Court

14. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Separate but Equal decision
Legalized segregation

15. Segregation 14th Amendment – “equal protection” De jure segregation
segregation “by law”
common in south
De facto segregation
segregation “as a matter of fact”
common in north & south
often achieved by intimidation
continues today

16. School Segregation Laws

17. School Segregation

18. Desegregation = Integration
Terminology
Desegregation = Integration

19. Thurgood Marshall NAACP Legal Defense Fund
Thurgood Marshall (national coordinator)
Oliver Hill (Virginia)

20. Elementary & Secondary Schools

21. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
Topeka, Kansas
Parents challenged the segregated school system

22. The Doll Test
Black children selected the white doll as “good” and “smart” and “pretty”
Demonstrated psychological impact of segregation

23. Warren Court’s Unanimous Decision

24. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
14th Amendment
Separate is not equal
Overturned Plessy
Ordered nationwide integration
Landmark case
Topeka, Kansas

25. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

26. “Massive Resistance”

27. Slow Pace Brown decision “All deliberate speed”
Significant integration did not begin until mid/late 1960s

28. Resistance to Brown in Virginia
Led by Harry Byrd, segregationist politician
Some public schools in Virginia closed down from rather than integrate black students

29. Confederate Flag Resurrected symbol of the Civil War
Resistance to integration

30. The Little Rock Nine, 1957
Eisenhower

31. James Meredith, 1961
JFK

32. George Wallace “States’ rights”
“Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever!”
Alabama governor
Presidential candidate

33. George Wallace’s Stand, 1963

34. White Flight New private & religious schools
Separate neighborhoods – suburbia
Resegregation

35. Bob Dylan
Come gather 'round people Wherever you roam And admit that the waters Around you have grown And accept it that soon You'll be drenched to the bone. If your time to you Is worth savin' Then you better start swimmin' Or you'll sink like a stone For the times they are a-changin'.

36. Bob Dylan
Come writers and critics Who prophesize with your pen And keep your eyes wide The chance won't come again And don't speak too soon For the wheel's still in spin And there's no tellin' who That it's namin'. For the loser now Will be later to win For the times they are a-changin'.

37. Bob Dylan
Come senators, congressmen Please heed the call Don't stand in the doorway Don't block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled There's a battle outside And it is ragin'. It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a-changin'.

38. Bob Dylan
Come mothers and fathers Throughout the land And don't criticize What you can't understand Your sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road is Rapidly agin'. Please get out of the new one If you can't lend your hand For the times they are a-changin'.

39. Bob Dylan
The line it is drawn The curse it is cast The slow one now Will later be fast As the present now Will later be past The order is Rapidly fadin'. And the first one now Will later be last For the times they are a-changin'.

40. Organizations
NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
CORE – Congress of Racial Equality
SNCC – Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference

41. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
Beginning of civil rights movement
Economic pressure

42. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955

43. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955

44. Nonviolent Resistance

45. Sit-In Movement, 1960

46. Freedom Rides, 1961

47. Freedom Rides, 1961

48. Birmingham, 1963

49. Birmingham, 1963

50. March on Washington, 1963

51. Text, Video & Audio of the Address
“I Have a Dream”
Text, Video & Audio of the Address

52. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Same requirements for black & white voters
Prohibits discrimination in public accommodations
Withholding of federal funds from discriminatory programs and businesses
Bans discrimination based on race, sex, religion and national origin by employers & unions; creates EEOC

53. Filibuster Southern Democrats Robert C. Byrd (WV) Former Klansman
14 hour speech
Still in Congress today!!!

54. The Act Becomes Law

55. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Federal officials may register voters when local offices block African Americans
Eliminated literacy tests

56. 24th Amendment, 1964
Eliminated poll tax

57. The Young Radicals

58. Nation of Islam

59. Malcolm X Black Nationalism Break with Nation of Islam, 1964
Kennedy assassination comments
Muhammad’s illegitimate children
“The Ballot or the Bullet” audio

60. Malcolm X
Hajj & conversion to orthodox Islam, 1964
New message

61. Stokely Carmichael

62. “Black Power”
“We are oppressed because we are black. And in order to get out of that oppression [we] must wield… group power”
Text & audio of speech

63. Black Panther Party, 1966
Bobby Seale & Huey Newton
Oakland, CA

64. Black Panther Party, 1966

65. Back to Court

66. Loving v. Virginia, 1967 Court struck down “anti-miscegenation” laws
Legalized interracial marriage

67. Regents of Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 1978
Challenged affirmative action admission policy
Split decision by the court
Admitted Bakke
Prohibited quotas
Sanctioned affirmative action

68. A Decade of Assassinations

69. Medgar Evers, 1963

70. John F. Kennedy, 1963

71. LBJ Takes Office

72. Lee Harvey Oswald, 1963

73. Malcolm X, 1965

74. Martin Luther King, 1968

75. Robert F. Kennedy, 1968

76. The End of an Era

77. Civil Rights/ Integration
Contributions
Civil Rights/ Integration
Legislation
Cooperation
Black Power/Black Nationalism
Psychological
Pressure on government & more moderate civil rights organizations

78. Inspiration

79. Government Actions Executive Branch FDR
Executive order 8802 (gov’t contractors)
Truman
Committee on Civil Rights
Executive order 9980 (federal employment)
Executive order 9981 (armed forces)
Legislative Branch
Civil Rights Act
Voting Rights Act
Judicial Branch
Warren Court
McLaurin v. Oklahoma B.O.R.
Sweatt v. Painter
Brown v. B.O.E.

80. “Blowin’ in the Wind”
How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? Yes, 'n' how many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, 'n' how many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind.

81. “Blowin’ in the Wind”
How many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky? Yes, 'n' how many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry? Yes, 'n' how many deaths will it take till he knows That too many people have died? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind.

82. “Blowin’ in the Wind”
How many years can a mountain exist Before it's washed to the sea? Yes, 'n' how many years can some people exist Before they're allowed to be free? Yes, 'n' how many times can a man turn his head, Pretending he just doesn't see? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind.

83. Civil Rights vs. Black Nationalism
Religious Beliefs
Political Beliefs:
Integration & Civil Rights
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Religious Beliefs
Political Beliefs:
Black Nationalism
Malcolm X
Common Beliefs
Your Opinion
Your Opinion