1. Nervous System Disorders

2. Cerebral Palsy Symptoms: spastic shaking or tremors;
loss of motor control
Causes: damage to motor areas of the brain
during fetal development, birth, or
infancy
Treatment: Irreversible but not progressive;
surgeries & physical therapy may
help

3. Cerebral Palsy

4. Epilepsy Symptoms: seizures; convulsions - different
types & vary in severity
Causes: sudden burst of irregular electrical
activity in brain - reason this occurs
not always known
Treatment: medications

5. Epilepsy

6. Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms: persistent shaking or tremors at
rest, shuffling gait, rigid facial
muscles - progressive
Causes: lack of dopamine
(disorder of the basal ganglia -
inhibition of motor drive)
Treatment: relieve symptoms with drugs such
as L-dopa

7. Parkinson’s Disease

8. Stroke (CVA) Symptoms: paralysis & loss of feeling on one
side of the body
Causes: disruption of blood flow to brain as a
result of a blood clot OR broken
blood vessels (hemorrhage)
Treatment: immediate treatment to relieve
pressure allows for best chance of
recovery; physical therapy may
help . . .

9. Stroke (CVA)

10. Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms: jerky body movements, double
vision, partial paralysis of
voluntary muscles, loss of motor
control …
Causes: autoimmune; destruction of myelin sheath &
scarring in CNS leads to short
circuiting of nerve pathways
Treatment: incurable, varies among
individuals, may undergo periods
of remission

11. Multiple Sclerosis

12. Poliomyelitis Symptoms: headache, fever, sore throat,
listlessness, stiffness, deep
muscle pain & weakness,
paralysis & death
Causes: virus that destroys cell bodies of
motor neurons in the CNS
Rare due to immunization

13. Poliomyelitis

14. Alzheimer’s Disease Symptoms: mental deterioration
characterized by memory loss,
short attention span,
disorientation, language loss, “sundowning” - irritable, moody, confused, violent, hallucinations
Causes: ? shortage of acetylcholine - structural
changes in the brain: gyri shrink, ventricles
enlarge, brain atrophies & contains
abnormal protein deposits & neurofibrillar
tangles
Treatment: progressive - some medications may slow
down the disease process

15. Alzheimer’s Disease
Interactive Tour

16. Huntington’s Disease Symptoms: wild, jerky, flapping movements,
mental deterioration, progressive
Causes: genetic - dominant gene; massive
degeneration of basal nuclei &
cerebral cortex; overstimulation of
motor drive
Treatment: drugs that block dopamines
effects

17. Huntington’s Disease

18. Nervous Disorders Video Clip

19. Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System
1. Hypothalamus
Oxygen
Cephalocaudal
Gross
Blood Pressure
Circulatory problems
Senility
CVA

20. Brain Dysfunctions E - Concussion = slight & transient brain injury
F - Contusion = traumatic injury that
destroys brain tissue
3. D - Coma = total nonresponsiveness
to stimulation

21. Brain Dysfunctions B - Cerebral edema &
G - Intercranial hemorrhage = may cause
medulla to be wedged into foramen
magnum
B - Cerebral edema = after head
injury, retention of water by brain
C - CVA = results when a brain region
is deprived of blood or
exposed to prolonged ishemia

22. Brain Dysfunctions 7. A - Alzheimer’s disease = progressive
degeneration of the brain with abnormal
protein deposits
H - Multiple Sclerosis = autoimmune
disorder with extensive demyelination
I - TIA = a mini-stroke; fleeting symptoms of
a CVA

23. The End