1. Into a New Century
Chapter 21

2. Learning Targets
Students will explain the development of technology and the impact these changes had on the United States
Students will explain the domestic and foreign policies of President Clinton
Students will explain the impeachment process and how that process applied to Clinton
Students will be able to explain the Global War on Terror and how it led to war in Iraq and Afghanistan

3. The Technological Revolution
Rise of the Compact Computer
ENIAC – world’s first electronic digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house
1959 First integrated circuit – complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon
Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley
1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

4. The Technological Revolution
Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I
IBM competed with the “PC”
Apple introduced the MacIntosh using a simple operating system
Bill gates co-founded Microsoft which produced PC software
By 1990s people could telecommute – work from home via computers
Pong Music Video

5. The Technological Revolution
Internet
System by which computers could communicate with each other
ARPANET – origin of Internet; system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense
Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers
New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

6. The Technological Revolution
Breakthroughs in Biotechnology
The managing of biological systems to improve human life
Made possible by computers
1953 James Watson and Francis Clark deciphered structure of DNA
Human Genome Project – mapping of the human DNA

7. The Clinton Years Raised taxes – cut spending Hillary Clinton
Put in charge of healthcare reform
Produced complicated plan that failed to generate support
Family and Education
Medical Leave Act – allowed up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave
AmeriCorps Program – put students to work in community service

8. The Clinton Years Republicans Regain Control of Congress
Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes
Many changes defeated in Senate or vetoed by President
Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down
Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act
Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

9. The Clinton Years
Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole
Impeachment
Whitewater
Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr
1998 Congress impeached Clinton on two charges: perjury and obstruction of justice
Senate voted to acquit on first charge and on second charge
Two-thirds needed to convict
Vote was along party lines

10. The Clinton Years The Haitian Intervention
Haitian President Aristide overthrown
Clinton ordered US invasion to restore order
Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo
Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area
UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens
NATO bombed Serbia

11. Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden
The Clinton Years
The Middle East
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton
The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people
Attempts to work out an Israeli withdrawal from occupied lands failed
Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden

12. An Interdependent World
US experiencing trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought less from US
Increasing trade was major US concern
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico
European Union (EU) – free trade bloc between European member nations competed w/US
Euro – common currency established by the EU nations

13. An Interdependent World
World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes
Nuclear Proliferation
The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations
US against other nations obtaining nuclear weapons
Global Warming
An increase in global temperatures over time
Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity (anthropogenic)
Kyoto Protocol – several nations signed promising to reduce emissions (US did not sign)

14. America Enters a New Century
Election of 2000
Democratic – VP Al Gore
Republican – George W. Bush
Green Party – Ralph Nader
Close vote required recount – electoral votes of Florida needed to win
Looking at “chads”
Recount not finished by deadline
Florida declared Bush winner
Vote counter looking at “chads”

15. America Enters a New Century
Bush v. Gore
Gore protested recount – Florida Supreme Court began hand recount
US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause
Ruling left Bush the winner

16. America Enters a New Century
President Bush
Wanted to cut taxes to boost economy (passed)
Wanted school vouchers (defeated)
Wanted standardized testing in public schools (passed)
Wanted increased military spending
Wanted to develop anti-missile system called Strategic Defense Initiative
Artist’s conception of the Strategic Defense Initiative

17. A second plane hits the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001
The War on Terrorism
9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC (plane crashed in Pennsylvania field)
State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists
Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda
Believed superpowers could be beaten
Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate
Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia
Believed Western ideas contaminated Islam
A second plane hits the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001

18. The War on Terrorism Terror Attacks
1993 First bombing of the World Trade Center
1995 Bombed US military barracks in Saudi Arabia
1998 Bombed US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania
1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle
2000 Suicide boat attack on USS Cole in Yemen
Bomb damage to USS Cole

19. The War on Terrorism Actions Taken After 9-11
Bush declared national emergency
Investigators identified Osama Bin Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers
Began deploying military to Middle East
Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden
Announced US would no longer tolerate states that assisted terror
Osama bin Laden

20. The War on Terrorism
Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters
Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping
Department of Homeland Security established
Anthrax attacks on government officials by suspected domestic terrorists

21. US troops on patrol in Afghanistan
The War on Terrorism
US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance
US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed
US invoked NATO defense clause – NATO nations participated to varying degrees in Afghanistan
US troops fought Taliban and attempted to stabilize Afghan government
US troops on patrol in Afghanistan

22. US troops fighting in Iraq
The War on Terrorism
2003 Iraq War
Bush afraid AL-Qaeda would acquire / use Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – weapons that could kill thousands of people in one attack
Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD
Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons
Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq; overthrew Saddam Hussein
US troops fighting in Iraq

23. To The Present Election 0f 2004 Financial Crisis of 2008
George W. Bush – Republican Incumbent
John Kerry – Democratic nominee
George W. Bush won second term
Financial Crisis of 2008
Banks created too much money by making too many loans due to low interest rates
Used this money to push up house prices and speculate in financial markets
Debts became unpayable
Financial crisis created – after crisis banks refused to lend causing economy to shrink
Senator John Kerry President George W. Bush

24. To The Present Election of 2008 Election of 2012
Democratic nominee – Barack Obama
Republican nominee – John McCain
Obama won election
Election of 2012
Democratic incumbent – Barack Obama
Republican nominee – Mitt Romney
Senator Joe Biden & Senator Barack Obama / Governor Sarah Palin & Senator John McCain

25. Quiz In what two places did President Clinton send US troops?
What trade bloc was established in Europe?
What trade agreement was established in North America?
What law was passed after 9-11 that infringed upon civil freedoms?
Why did the US invade Afghanistan?
Why did the US invade Iraq in 2003?
What industry experienced a bubble that helped cause the recession of 2008?
What new federal department was created after 9-11?
In what US state was the election of 2000 contested through the court?
What were the two charges against Clinton in his impeachment?