1. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
ADAPTING TECHNOLOGY
TO SOLVE ONE OF INDUSTRIES
MAJOR PROBLEMS
Presentation by Peter Marchant
Product and Development Manager ITS PipeTech Pty Ltd
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

2. Rehabilitation of Asbestos Pipe
Product and Development Manager
PETER MARCHANT
It is often said that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; Lord Kelvin: Physicist

3. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
ASBESTOS
CEMENT PIPE
Between the 1920’s and into the late 70’s AC pipe was seen as the answer to low cost drinking water network construction
Thousands of Kilometre's have been installed across the world including Australia where over 60,000 Km's are known to exist
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

4. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
ABC NEWS
FEATURE ARTICLE BY
MATT PEACOCK
DATED
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

5. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Why did the world choose asbestos cement?
In its day it was seen as innovative:
LIGHTWEIGHT
CORROSION RESISTANCE
STRENGTH
EASY TO MAKE
EASY TO HANDLE
QUICK TO INSTALL
COST EFFECTIVE
YEAR LIFE EXPECTATION
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

6. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
By Mid 1980’s awareness
Pipe Expectancy not as originally envisaged
Deterioration of joints and internal surfaces
Asbestos particles in water
SAFETY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
“TIME BOMB”
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

7. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Why does AC Pipe Fail?
Internal surface degradation – calcium leaching – structural breakdown
External soil conditions – Acid Sulphate Erosion
Loss of embedment – Pipe Movement and joint failure
Transient operating pressures – Surge and Vacuum
Poor Standards in original Manufacture
Inappropriate pipe classification
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

8. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Examples of failed AC Pipe
Internal surface degradation – Structural breakdown
External soil conditions – Structural Delamination
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

9. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Examples of failed AC Pipe
Internal surface degradation – Structural breakdown
Gypsum Build Up
Loss of structural pipe thickness
Reduction in pipe internal diameter
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

10. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
RESEARCH IN AMERICA – SUGGESTED FAILURE RATES
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

11. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
OPTIONS AVAILABLE 1 3 2
Excavate and remove
Burst and Replace
Reline Insitu – Re-use the Asset
Utilize existing assets to provide new clean structures to transport product
Once the default now seen as too dangerous
Simpler, less risk but leaves a Toxic legacy for others to deal with
Least Desirable
Effective but Residual Legacy
Most Desirable
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

12. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
LINING TECHNIQUES 1 3 2
Independent loose Fitting
Independent tight fit
Interactive
Not Suitable for lining AC pipe
The liner is designed for all applicable loads independent of the host
Semi structural / Structural liner relies on the host pipe to cover load without failing
Not applicable
Applicable suited to distribution
Applicable suited to trunk
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

13. AWWA M28 STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
CLASS II
CLASS III
CLASS IV
NON STRUCTURAL
SEMI STRUCTURAL
SEMI STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL
Primary function is to protect
The inner surface of the pipe from corrosion – Water Quality
Close fit and interactive – Can span small holes and cracks but host takes majority of load
Generally burst pressure is less than MAOP of host – Adherent property likely to tare on host failure
Can survive catastrophic host failure
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

14. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Rehabilitation of AC pipe requires either a Class III or Class IV lining.
However if using a Class III then ring stiffness is a fundamental requirement if the lining is to withstand the normal operational requirements of a potable water network
CLASS III
CLASS IV
SEMI STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL
Generally burst pressure is less than MAOP of host – Adherent property likely to tare on host failure
Can survive catastrophic host failure
SURGE AND VACUUM
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

15. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
CLASS III LININGS
Cementitious?
Polymer?
SIPP: Spray in Place Pipe
Not all Suitable for AC
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

16. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
CLASS III LININGS
SIPP: Sprain in Place Pipe
Reliance on adhesion to host pipe
Extensive pre-lining preparation & controls - cleaning - proving - swabbing - filtration of clean out – asbestos particles - drying – dew point monitoring - mix testing coupons
Same day return to Service
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

17. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
CLASS III & IV LININGS
Cipp cured in place pipe
Composite with host
Self supporting
Not all compatible with potable water
Some have hazardous by-products that are Environmentally hazardous
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

18. CLASS IV LININGS Long term stiffness > 10,000 N/mm²
Structurally Independent requiring Adherence to host structure yet strong enough to resist tare and buckling
No annular gap
Fully structural lining
Withstand surge & vacuum
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

19. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Summary
Technology is available to address these issues
Understand the pipe condition
Understand how the network operates and functions
Undertake Precondition surveys
Select the right technology
Implement the right site controls
Invest Wisely
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING

20. PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING
Value
“It's unwise to pay too much, but it's worse to pay too little. When you pay too much, you lose a little money - that's all. When you pay too little, you sometimes lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable of doing the thing it was bought to do.
The common law of business balance prohibits paying a little and getting a lot - it can't be done. If you deal with the lowest bidder, it is well to add something for the risk you run, and if you do that you will have enough to pay for something better.”
John Ruskin
PETER MARCHANT ON INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING