1. Last Topic - Factor responsible for development of Administrative Law
1. Changed relations of Authorities and Citizens
2. Origin of Welfare State Concept
3. Inadequacy of the Legislations
4. Shortage of Courts
5. Technical Experts are with Administrative Organs
6. Union of both Administrative & Judicial Function
7. The Judicial System Proved Inadequate
8. Pressure upon parliamentary time
9. Technicality
10. Flexibility
11. Experiment
12. Emergency
13. Complexity of modern administration

2. Features of Administrative Law
Meaning
Feature
Content
Functions

3. Meaning
Administrative Law procedures created by administrative agencies involving rules, regulations, applications, licenses, permits etc

4. Meaning …… Two vital factors in dealing with administrative agencies
1. The rules and regulations are often found only in those regulations 
2. Administrative Remedies challenge the administrative ruling with a lawsuit in court.

5. Meaning …..
Administrative law can be a technical jungle, and Public Administrators can serve a lot from their knowledge

6. Now acts of governmental agencies/ Administrative under criticism
Feature
Now acts of governmental agencies/ Administrative under criticism

7. Feature ……
The Inside study offers a big-picture view of Administrative Law that looks at how all of the essential elements fit together as part of a balanced framework of theory and practice

8. Authorities are subject to inquiry in ordinary legal proceedings
Feature ……
Authorities are subject to inquiry in ordinary legal proceedings

9. The Role & Extent of Administrative Authorities
Feature ……
The Role & Extent of Administrative Authorities

10. Feature …… Who are administrative authorities?
What is the nature and powers exercised by administrative authorities?

11. Feature …… What are the limitations, if any, imposed on these powers?
How the administration is kept restricted to its laminose?

12. Feature ……
What is the procedure followed by the administrative authorities?
What remedies are available to persons adversely affected by administration?

13. Administrative Authorities and their formal dissection by the Law
Contents
Administrative Authorities and their formal dissection by the Law

14. Contents ….. What is Administrative Law?
How to Approach Administrative Law?
The Constitutional and Legal Framework

15. Contents …….
Where to Begin? Non-Judicial Review of Administrative Action
Other Avenues of Review: The Ombudsmen, Freedom of Information and the Right to Reasons
Delegated Legislation and Statutory Interpretation

16. Contents …….
Judicial Review, Jurisdiction, Justifiability and Standing
Decisions Made Beyond Power
Abuse of Power

17. Contents ……. Refusal to Exercise a Discretion
Procedural Fairness (Natural Justice)
The Content of the Hearing Rule

18. Contents ……. The Bias Rule, Reasons and Evidence
Substantive Fairness? Undertakings Regarding the Future Exercise of Power
Status of Unlawful Decisions and Ouster Clauses

19. Function
Administrative Law is generally refers to as the law relating to the control of government power “Except the Parliament”

20. Function …….
Administrative Authorities are subject to legal limitations since every kind of power is open to the chances of abuse

21. Function …….
Hence the primary purpose of Administrative Law is to keep the powers of the government within its legal limits in order to protect the citizens against their abuse

22. Function ……
In Pakistan system of administrative law, the cases involving the validity of government action are decided by ordinary courts and not special administrative courts

23. Administrative Agencies
Administrative agencies were created to handle crises that are beyond the expertise of Legislators and Judiciary

24. Administrative agencies provide services directly to the public
Functions of Agencies
Administrative agencies provide services directly to the public

25. Functions of …… Administrative agencies serve three main functions
 1. Rule-making
2. Adjudicating
 3. Investigating

26. Function …… Rule-making
In rule-making, the agency takes laws passed by Parliament and adds the technical expertise need for them to apply to real-life situations

27. Function …… Adjudicating
Agencies serve a judicial function when in-house lawyers and judges help individuals resolve disputes with the agency

28. Function …… Investigating
To fond out the truth & to conclude the fact Agencies serve a investigative function to help individuals resolve disputes with the agency

29. Next Topic
Historical back ground of Constitutional & Administrative Law in Pakistan