1. Adopted from Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The Roots
of the
Arab-Israeli Conflict
(1890s-2012)
Adopted from Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Zionism
GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
Theodore Herzl

3. The Middle East in 1914

4. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

5. The Arab Revolt:

6. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917
His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…
Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary

7. The League of Nations Mandates

8. Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia!
First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman in Persia in 1908.
Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911  drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia.
Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledging allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul, promised exclusive oil rights to the British.
Kuwait became a British protectorate in November, 1914.
In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.

9. Oil Becomes the New International “Coin of the Realm!”
American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gain oil concessions in Bahrain in 1929.
In 1933, American oil companies win an oil concession in Saudi Arabia.
ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.

10. Essential Question:
How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after 1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs in the Middle East today?

11. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920
In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

12. British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

13. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System
First one founded in 1908.
Communal living.
“Make the Desert Bloom!”

14. The Peel Commission Partition Plan, 1937

15. Hitler’s “Final Solution”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

16. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

17. Aliyah Bet
Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
The Exodus, 1947.

18. Palestine Population in 1946

19. Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”?)
Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

20. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

21. Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann, 1st President
David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister

22. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

23. The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

24. Armistice Signed, 1949

25. Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

26. Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian Diaspora

27. Six-Day War (1967)
UN Resolution 242
UN Resolution 338

28. Palestine Liberation Organization
Yassir Arafat

29. Camp David Accords (1979)
President President Prime Minister Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S Of Israel

30. Camp David Accords (1979)

31. Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)

32. Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)