1. Anne Frank, World War II and the Holocaust
Mrs. Bernhardt
Anne Frank Auschwitz

2. Anne Frank
Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 12, Her sister, Margot, is three years older than her. Her family is both Jewish and German.
(In that same year, the United States experienced The Great Depression)

3. in Germany:
Adolph Hitler becomes head of the Nazi party in 1921 and Chancellor of Germany in 1933.
The first concentration camp at Dachau is established mainly for anyone who speaks out against Hitler and the Nazi party.
Nazis pass anti-Jewish measures. (Between 1933 and 1939, 400 laws were passed in an attempt to isolate, exclude and impoverish Jews.)

4. In late December, 1933, the Frank family decides to leave Germany to escape the rising Anti-Semitism.
They move to the Netherlands. This is the last photograph taken of them before leaving Germany.

5. Anschluss – March, 1938
Germany annexes (takes) part of Czechoslovakia and Austria.
Neville Chamberlin (Prime Minister of England) meets with Hitler to condemn the action. Hitler promises that he will take no more territory. The Munich Agreement is signed in September, 1938.

6. September 1, 1939 German attacks Poland to regain territory that had been lost after World War I. World War II has begun.

7. 1940: Denmark, Norway, Belgium, France and the Netherlands fall to the German army.

8. 1940 in the Netherlands:
The Netherlands surrender to Germany in May, 1940.
Anti-Jewish measures become law. Their purpose is to drive Jews into poverty, isolate, and eventually exterminate.
Jews must wear a Yellow Star.
Bicycles must be turned in.
Jews are banned from trains, cinemas, parks, playgrounds and swimming pools.
They may only shop between 3 and 5 p.m. and only in Jewish shops.
Jews may not visit Christians.
They may only attend Jewish Schools.
Curfew for Jews is 8 o’clock.

9. 1942 Anne receives her diary for her 13th birthday on June 12, 1942.
Margot receives her call-up notice. She is ordered to report for deportation to a labor camp on July 5, 1942.

10. 1942
The Franks go into hiding in the Secret Annex on July 6, The hiding place is located in an empty section of the building owned by Otto Frank’s company.
The entrance to the secret annex is concealed by a movable bookcase.
The VanPels (Hermann, Auguste and son, Peter) join the Frank family one week later. Anne calls them the VanDaans.
Fritz Pfeffer, a Jewish dentist, (Mr. Dussel) joins them in hiding in November, 1942.

11. Inhabitants of the Secret Annex http://www. annefrank
Anne changes the Van Pels to the Van Daans in
her diary.
Fritz Pfeffer moves in
with the families.
Anne changes his
name to Dussel.

12. In Hiding The people in hiding are helped by Otto Frank’s four
employees: Miep Gies,
Johannes Kleiman,
Victor Kugler (Kraler) and Bep
Voskuijl. They arrange the
food supplies, clothing,
books, and all sorts
of other necessities. In
addition, they keep the
people in hiding
up-to-date with the
news from the outside world. .
Miep Gies died in 2010 at 100
years of age.

13. December 7, 1941 – A date that will live in infamy.
America enters World War II after the December 7th bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan.

14. D-Day - June, 1944
Operation Overlord was executed on June 6, The Franks here of this on the BBC and celebrate!!!
While a phantom army maneuvered about in northern England threatening to cross at Calais, the real assault took place on the beaches along a 50-mile stretch of fortified coastline in Normandy. Five thousand ships carried 150,000 men and nearly 30,000 vehicles across the English channel, one of the most unpredictable and dangerous bodies of water in the world.

16. August 4, 1944
At approximately 10 am, August 4, 1944, the Frank family's greatest fear comes true. A Nazi policeman and several Dutch collaborators appear at 263 Prinsengracht, having received an anonymous phone call informing them that Jews are hiding there. The police head straight for the bookcase that leads to the Secret Annex. Karl Joseph Silberbauer, an Austrian Nazi, forces the residents to turn over all their valuables. When he finds out that Otto Frank had been a lieutenant in the German Army during World War I, he is a little less hostile. The residents are taken from the house, forced into a covered truck, taken to the Central Office for Jewish Emigration, and then sent to Weteringschans Prison. Miep Gies gathers and saves Anne's scattered diary pages. Two of the helpers, Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman, are imprisoned for their role in hiding the family. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl are not arrested, although Miep is brought in for questioning by the police.

17. Concentration Camps of Europe

18. Auschwitz Death Camp
On the morning of September 3, 1944, a very long train comprised of freight cars leaves Westerbork. There are more than 70 prisoners packed into each wagon. Among the 1019 Jewish prisoners are also the eight people from the Secret Annex. After a dreadful train trip, lasting three days, they arrive at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Two Groups
On the platform at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the men and women are separated. Nazi doctors divide the prisoners into two groups: prisoners who they consider fit enough to work and prisoners who will be killed immediately in the gas chamber. The eight people in hiding are spared. They are expected to perform heavy labor. After a short while, Hermann van Pels can no longer do this kind of work. He is murdered in the gas chamber. Mrs. Frank dies of starvation in January, 1945.

19. Anne & Margot
At the end of October 1944, Anne and Margot are transported from Auschwitz-Birkenau to Bergen-Belsen. Their mother remains behind in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Edith falls ill and dies of exhaustion in January 1945.
Auguste van Pels arrives at Bergen-Belsen with another transport of prisoners in November There she meets Anne and Margot again. Auguste van Pels is only at Bergen-Belsen for a short while and probably dies during a transport of prisoners to Theresienstadt.
Anne and Margot succumb to typhus in March 1945, a few weeks before the camp is liberated by the British Army.

20. Otto Frank dies at the age of 91 in August, 1980.
Fritz Pfeffer died at Neuengamme Concentration Camp in December, 1944.
Hitler committed suicide in April, 1945 in a Berlin air raid bunker.
Otto Frank is liberated from Auschwitz on January 27, Shortly before his release, the Nazis evacuate the camp. Prisoners, who can still walk, must go with them. Peter van Pels is among these prisoners. He arrives at the Mathausen concentration camp in Austria at the end of Janaury. The prisoners have to perform heavy labor. Peter van Pels dies of exhaustion on May 5, 1945.
Otto Frank dies at the age of 91 in August, 1980.

21. 1947 The Diary of Anne Frank was published in 1947.
The play, The Diary of Anne Frank, was written by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett. It was performed in 1956 and continues to be performed all over the world today.