1. Final Exam Study Guide Madnick/Global Studies 9
Exam Dates
Wednesday, June 10 A/C
Thursday, June 11 B/D

2. Basic Definitions History
the study of the past through artifacts and resources
Geography
the study of Earth’s structure
how people interact with their environment
Primary Source
document created during the time period being studied

3. Maps
Physical: show land forms and bodies of water
Political: show shapes and boundaries of countries
Thematic: show information about various themes
ex: population, climate, resources

4. Culture “A blueprint for living”
The patterns of behavior and ways of thinking within a group
Everything that helps a society develop

5. Exchange of ideas, customs, goods, and technology among cultures
Cultural Diffusion
Exchange of ideas, customs, goods, and technology among cultures
Examples:
Spread of Religions: Islam, Hinduism, Christianity
Trade along Silk Road and Gold Road
Printing Press
Columbian Exchange
Spanish Language in Central and South America

6. ETHNOCENTRISM
Belief that one’s own ethnic group is superior to all others
Ancient Chinese & Romans saw themselves as better than outsiders
Europeans saw themselves as better than native people the encountered
“My culture is better than yours”

7. Law Codes Hammurabi’s Code eye for an eye 12 Tables of Roman Law
expanded laws made under Greek democracy
Justinian’s Code
preserved Roman laws during the Byzantine Empire

8. Art & Architecture Pyramids Importance of the Pharaoh Life after death
BOB- Greek concept of beauty, order, and balance
Renaissance Art
Importance of the individual / individualism
New techniques, colors, linearperspective

9. Major Religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Monotheistic
Connection to the Holy Land/Jerusalem
Founder, holy book, rules for behavior

10. Major Religions: Hinduism & Buddhism
Polytheistic
Reincarnation
Respect for nature
Meditation to achieve Nirvana or Enlightenment

11. Chinese Philosophies Confucianism (Confucius)
People are naturally good; following the 5 basic relationships lead to organized society
Legalism (Hanfeizi)
People are naturally evil; strict laws and harsh punishments needed for organized society
Daoism/Taoism (Laozi)
Dao means “the way”, go with the flow,

12. Japanese Philosophies
Shintoism
worship spirits of nature called kami, respect for nature
Code of Bushido
“way of the warrior,” code of honor and war used by Samurai

13. Agricultural Revolution
The change in human history from
hunting and gathering to farming
Permanent food supply from crops and domesticated animals
Led to permanent towns and villages
Led to organized civilizations
Civilizations developed governments, belief systems, art, architecture, technology, etc…

14. The earliest civilizations developed in river valleys
Egypt : Nile River
China : Huang He
India: Indus River
Mesopotamia: Tigris & Euphrates
Rivers provided:
Water
Fertile soil
Food
transportation

15. Early Civilizations Basics
The Biggies: Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, Greece, Rome, Byzantine, African trading kingdoms
Golden Age: time of peace & prosperity marked by great achievements
Athens, Tang/Song, Abbasid, Pax Romana, Renaissance,

16. Early China
Geography-mountains and deserts kept China separate from India, Europe
Early dynasties arose along Huang He and Yangtze rivers
QinDynasty
Great Wall
Standard weights & measures
Shang Dynasty
Calligraphy
Oracle Bones

17. Ancient Greece
Geography – Mountainous region, isolated valleys, natural harbors
City-States: Athens and Sparta
Major achievements in art and a architecture , government
Athens=birthplace of democracy

18. Greek Culture = Hellenistic Culture
Hellenistic=Greek
Greek=Hellenistic
Spread by Alexander the great, who conquered Greece, Persia, India, and Egypt
Major diffusion of Greek culture or…..Hellenism

19. The Romans
Geography – Italy was the center of the Roman empire (peninsula, Mediterranean Sea, flat
Unified by the Romans; expanded by various emperors starting with Caesar
C in architecture (arches & domes), engineering (aqueducts & roads), Law,Law,Law,Law

20. Byzantine Empire Emperor Justinian Justinian’s Code Hagia Sophia
Preservation of Greek and Roman culture
Great Schism = split between Catholic and Orthodox churches

21. African Trading Kingdoms
Ghana, Mali, & Songhai
Competed to control major trade routes in North Africa
Gold and salt trade

22. Mali & Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa was king of the Mali and helped to spread Islam and create new trade routes across Africa, as he made his hajj to Mecca
Timbuktu becomes a key city

23. Middle Ages in Europe Church was very powerful Feudalism
Knights followed code of chivalry, similar to Japanese code of Bushido
Crusades resulted in greater demand for Asian goods

24. Renaissance in Europe Began in Italy
Geography -peninsula in center of the Mediterranean; access to all trade routes
Venice and Genoa were trade centers

25. Renaissance in Europe Machiavelli Martin Luther
Scientific Revolution thinkers
Counter Reformation-movement by Catholic Church to rebuild its power

26. North and South America
Amerindians=Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca
Advanced architecture, writing systems, calendars
Olmec big heads
Inca terrace farming, roads

27. Age of Exploration Europeans looking for new routes to Asia
Spanish and Portuguese
Conquered Amerindians with superior technology—guns
Columbian exchange = major cross regional contact