1. What Would You Do For One Of These?
Assisted Reproductive Technologies

2. The Statistics
For fertile couples
Viable ova exposed to viable sperm in fallopian tube
100
Ova fertilized 84
Zygotes implant in uterine wall 69
Zygotes surviving 1+ weeks 42
Zygotes surviving 6+ weeks 37
Live births 31

3. Infertility due to sperm defects 35-50%
The Statistics
For infertile couples
Infertility due to sperm defects
35-50%
Infertility due to ovulation problems
15-20%
Infertility due to fallopian tube problems
Infertility for unexplained reasons
15%
*Couples are medically defined as infertile when they don’t conceive after one year of ‘normal’ attempts
*Approximately 25% of infertile couples have more
than one of the above factors!

4. Normal Fertilization Males
In order to conceive (fertilize) and gestate (develop) an offspring a male must:
Have enough sperm
Have sperm with normal structure and function
Have the ability to deliver sperm
*A defect in any of these areas will cause infertility!

5. Normal Fertilization
Females
In order to conceive (fertilize) and gestate (develop) an offspring a female must:
Have mature/developed ovum
Be able to transport ovum from ovary to uterus
Have an acceptable site for implantation
Have an acceptable path for sperm
Have a functional uterus
*A defect in any of these areas will cause infertility!

6. Fertility Options/Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Depending on the nature of their infertility problem, couples can:
Conceive and gestate their own genetic offspring
The ‘old-fashioned’ method
Use fertility drugs
Artificial insemination from father’s sperm
In vitro fertilization with father’s sperm and mother’s egg
Assisted hatching
ICSI with father’s sperm and mother’s egg
Cytoplasmic or nuclear transfer

7. Fertility Options/Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Conceive and gestate an offspring that is not genetically related (or partially related)
Egg donation and in vitro fertilization
Artificial insemination from donor sperm
Embryo donation
Conceive, but not gestate, their own genetic offspring
Surrogacy after in vitro w/ father’s sperm and mother’s egg
Have an offspring which is not genetically related and which they do not gestate
In vitro and surrogacy with only one parent gamete
adoption