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COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON
1. ORGANIC MOLECULES COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN CARBON CO2 IS THE EXCEPTION THERE ARE MILLIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUND COMBINATION WHY? (HINT: IMAGINE A CARBON ATOM AND THINK OF BONDING)
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Each Electron on the valance shell is a Potential?
BOND 1. 2. 4. 3.
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IV. COMPOUNDS OF LIFE http://www. pbs
THERE ARE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN LIVING THINGS: CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACID Serving Sizes
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OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY
WHY EAT CARBS? OUR BODY REQUIRES IT FOR ENERGY
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1. CARBOHYDRATES COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN (1:2:1 RATIO) C6H12O6 –GLUCOSE MONOSACCHARIDE 3 TYPES -SUGAR, STARCH, AND FIBER SIMPLE FORM KNOWN AS MONOSACCHARIDE COMPLEX FORM KNOWN AS POLYSACCHARIDE
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MONOSACCHARIDES GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE
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DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (REMOVE H2O) CREATES Disaccharides
B. MAKING LARGER SUGARS BY POLYMERIZATION Link for dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (REMOVE H2O) CREATES Disaccharides Glucose + fructose = sucrose + water Glucose + galactose = lactose + water Glucose + glucose = maltose + water 2 MONOSACCHARIDES = 1 DISACCHARIDE Dimers Monomers
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Bonding Dehydration Synthesis- Removing H2O Two Monomers (glucose & fructose) become a Dimer (sucrose)
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ADDING WATER BREAKS UP POLYMERS
Breaking down molecules bonds HYDROLYSIS add H2O example a dimer(sucrose) becomes 2 monomers glucose & fructose ADDING WATER BREAKS UP POLYMERS
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C. POLYSACCHARIDES ARE BIG CARBS.
GIANT POLYMERS OF THOUSANDS OF LINKED MONOSACCHARIDES -glucose A STORAGE PRODUCT WHICH CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO MONOSACCHARIDES.
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TYPES OF PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES
1. STARCH: A Polysaccharide (big sugar) STORED IN PLANTS FOR ENERGY USE
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PLANT POLYSACCHARIDE 2. CELLULOSE: GIVE PLANTS STRENGTH & STRUCTURE
This is also known as Fiber! Plant cell walls structure of veggies Tree Bark
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ANIMAL POLYSACCHARIDE
GLYCOGEN: STORED IN MUSCLES AND LIVER OF ANIMALS Too much can build up to become FAT or can be BROKEN DOWN into GLUCOSE for energy
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GLYCOGEN IS STORED IN THE LIVER & MUSCLES
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3. POLYMERIZATION- A Process of building molecules
BUILDING LARGE COMPOUNDS USING SMALLER COMPOUNDS MER-MEANS PART A SINGLE COMPOUND IS A MONOMER Dimer two monomers THREE OR MORE COMPOUNDS TOGETHER ARE POLYMERS MANY POLYMERS ARE KNOWN AS MACROMOLECULES
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PROTEINS POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS LINKED BY PEPTIDE BONDS
Contain -3 parts 1. AN R GROUP (any compound or Element) 2. An Amino (contains Nitrogen) 3. A Carboxyl (COOH/COO)
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EXAMPLES OF AMINO ACIDS There are just 20 types
Pink Boxes show the R groups
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PROTEINS HAVE PEPTIDE BONDS Animation of Peptide Bond Formation
TWO bonded AMINO ACIDS is a DIPEPTIDE MANY bonded AMINO ACIDS is a POLYPEPTIDE A Polypeptide is a PROTEIN
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HOW DO WE MAKE AMINO ACIDS BOND?
Dehydration Synthesis! Remove the H2O
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FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS Let’s watch the video
ENZYMES (speed up) CHEMICAL REACTIONS Reduces the energy needed for the reaction STRUCTURE-MUSCLES/TISSUES IN BODY CELL SIGNALING –Tells HORMONES to go from the glands to target organs TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood
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How Enzymes fit to only its specific Substrate http://bcs. whfreeman
Active Site
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SPECIAL TYPES OF PROTEINS ENZYMES
A PROTEIN THAT INCREASES THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Each ENZYME has its own SUBSTRATE (molecule) that it fits to They fit like a LOCK AND KEY…OR PUZZLE PIECES Where they meet is called THE ACTIVE SITE
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What can prevent an Enzyme from binding to its substrate?
Heat pH Changing the active site so binding substrate does not happen
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Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed in a reaction. http://bcs
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Active sites
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