1. Which one is larger? Monomers or polymers

2. Biomolecules discussion
Biology Unit 03
Biomolecules discussion

3. What is a Biomolecule? Organic molecule made by living organisms
Consists mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
Pose a question to students. Discuss “bio” and “molecule”. Then discuss the correct definition.
Image citation: Unknown. (Designer). (2009). Uridine diphosphate 2. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from

4. But wait…What is an Organic Molecule?
Organic Molecules:
Contain carbon
Considered the “chemicals of life”
Inorganic Molecules:
Do not contain carbon
Ask students if they know the difference between organic and inorganic molecules prior to showing the definitions. Students may link this to organic foods. If students mention this, distinguish between organic foods and organic molecules.

5. Monomers vs. Polymers Monomers: Polymers:
Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain
Polymers:
A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together
Ask students to think about the prefixes “mono” and “poly” to try to determine differences between these two molecules. Then, show the correct definitions.

6. Formation of Polymers How are polymers formed?
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together.
After viewing the animation on the previous slide ask students to describe what happened. Then reveal the definition.

7. Breakdown of Polymers How are polymers broken down?
Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation)
Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units
After viewing the animation on the previous slide ask students to describe what happened. Then, reveal the definition.

8. Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates?
Group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose
Allow students to share what they remember from the Explore activity. Use the information students remember to assist in explaining each piece to them.
Discuss with students what types of foods have carbohydrates. Discuss that when we eat carbohydrates, our body has to break them down into simpler sugars that our cells can use.
Image citation: Yiulamsunny. (Designer). (2008). Carbohydrates. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from
CELLULOSE

9. Carbohydrates Structure: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
(CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5)
Subunits: monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose
Most often in a ring shape
Subunits are connected with covalent bonds.

11. Monosaccharide Example

12. Disaccharide Example

13. Polysaccharide Example

14. Carbohydrates Function: Quick Energy Structural support Cell wall
Cell membrane marker

15. QUIZ TOMORROW!!!! Don’t let it be a surprise!!!

16. Warm-up on google slides
Which two polysaccharides can animals use as a source of energy?
Why does the snickers provide a quicker source of energy than spaghetti? Which energy lasts the longest?

17. Lipids
What are they?
Organic molecule group including these sub categories
Triglycerides(fats and oils)
Fats ex. Blubber, butter…(solid at room temp)
Oils ex. Corn oil, olive oil (used by plants for energy storage)
Phospholipids
Steriods (hormones)
Waxes
Discuss with students what types of foods have lipids. Discuss with students that the lipids we eat must be broken down and processed by our body before being used for energy or being stored as fat within our cells.
Image citation: Boumphreyfr. (Designer). (2009). Fatty acids. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from

18. Lipids Structure: Subunits: Insoluble in water (they don’t mix)
Glycerol and fatty acids
Insoluble in water (they don’t mix)
Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol)
Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride
Image citation:

20. Lipids Function: Energy storage Insulation
Part of cell membrane (phospholipids)
Hormones
Image citation:

21. Proteins What are proteins?
Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions in our body.
Allow students to share what they remember from the Explore activity, before explaining each piece to them.
Again, discuss with students which types of foods have proteins (Don’t let them forget about milk, nuts, legumes, and eggs.) and how our body must break down the proteins we eat into components that can be used by our cells.
Image citation: Rowe, J. (Designer). (2008). Protein z. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from

22. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The function of proteins
Why would you eat a lot of protein?
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

23. PROTEINS form almost every structure within the body from every tissue to every organ.

24. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of proteins
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. CHON!
A protein is a polymer composed of amino acids. (monomer)
Amino Acids are bonded by Petptide Bonds
There are about 20 common amino acids. 12 can be made by the body. The rest must be consumed.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

25. Proteins Function: Lots of functions!
They make up Enzymes (enzymes speed rate of chemical reactions in our body)
Structural components in cells
Mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton (internal cell framework)
Cell signaling
Immune response

26. Amino Acid…DRAW THIS

27. Protein Folding Pre-AP… Copy down the structures

28. Nucleic Acids What are nucleic acids?
Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA
Image citation: Unknown. (Photographer). (2006). Dna-structure-and-bases. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from

29. Nucleic Acids Structure:
Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base, and one or more Phosphate groups.

30. Nucleic Acids Function: Storage and retrieval of information:
Encode genes
Gene expression

32. Information Sources for Diagrams
Capri, A. (2003). Carbohydrates. Retrieved from Capri, A. (2003). Fats and proteins. Retrieved from Indiana University. (2013). Fat and why it matters to you. Retrieved from Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from Chemical Education Digital Library Admin. (2011, January 20). Nucleic acid structure. Retrieved from Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from Dna structure. (2010, September 28). Retrieved from 205/LessonBuilders/Chapter 9 LB/Ch9b3.html

33. Information Sources for this PPT
Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Biomolecules and the Chemistry of Life. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Monomers, Polymers, and Dehydration Synthesis - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Lipids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Carbohydrates - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Proteins - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Nucleic Acids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from