1. Jung’s Analytical Approach
NeoFreudian Approach
Jung’s Analytical Approach
ICSP254 Theories of Personality

2. Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Disagreements with Freud:
Over role of sexuality, libido as more generalized psychic energy
Forces that influence personality, not just the past
The unconscious, greater emphasis than Freud

3. The Differences from Freud
Role of Sexuality
Minimized important of sex in his personality theory
Redefine Libido as general life energy
psychic energy which he now calls psyche is Jung’s term for personality, through which one is perceiving, thinking, feeling, and wishing

4. 3 Basic Principles Principle of Opposites
Existence of opposites in the universe (hot/cold, birth/death)
In psyche, every wish or feeling has its opposite. The greater the conflict between polarities, the greater the energy produced

5. 3 Basic Principles Principle of Equivalence Conservation of energy
Energy expended in bringing about some condition is not lost but rather shifted to another part of personality
Ex. You lose interest in a person, the psychic energy that was invested in that area is shifted to a new one.
Note that the shifted energy will be equal (same level of desirable, compelling, or fascinating)
Energy is continually redistributed within the personality

6. 3 Basic Principles Principle of Entropy
Tendency toward balance or equilibrium in the personality
Ex. If two hot and cold glass touched, the heat will redistributed until both are equally in temperature

7. Systems of Personality
Ego
Collective Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Ego
Conscious aspect of personality
Part of psyche concerned with perceiving, thinking, feeling, and remembering
Selective – only a portion of stimuli registered into the conscious
Attitudes – extravert or introvert

8. Systems of Personality
Ego
Collective Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed
Two-way traffic between ego and personal unconscious
Ex. Our attention can wander readily from class to a memory of something from last week

9. Systems of Personality
Ego
Collective Unconscious
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious
deepest and least accessible level of psyche, containing accumulation of inherited experiences of human and pre-human species
This collective unconscious is passed on to new generations
Indirect inheritance: We inherit “potential” fear of snakes not direct fear. Our experience will determine whether we develop fear or not

10. Archetypes
Archetypes – images of universal experience contained in the collective unconscious, manifested by recurring themes or patterns These recurring patterns become imprinted in our psyche and are expressed in our dreams and fantasies Example of archetypes are the mother, child, God, death, power, and wise old man. Major archetypes include the persona, the anima and animus, the shadow, and the self.

11. Major Archetypes Persona Anima Animus Shadow
Mask, a public face that one present to others
Necessary as we’re forced to play many roles
Inflation of persona – ego become persona rather than true self deception
Persona
Humans are bisexual
Anima (feminine aspect of male psyche) Animus (masculine of female psyche)
Helps us understand the opposite sex.
Both sides must be developed otherwise lead to one-sidedness of the personality
Anima
Animus
Basic, primitive animal instincts but also source of vitality, creativity, and emotion
Behaviors that society considered evil and immoral reside in the shadow
Total suppression = dull and lifeless psyche. Shadow lie dormant but in crisis or ego weakness, person may become dominated by unconscious (shadow)
Shadow

12. Major Archetypes
Represents unity, integration, and harmony of the total personality
Cannot emerge until other systems of psyche developed, occur around middle age
Full realization of self lies in the future. The self serves as a motivating force, pulling us from ahead rather than pushing us from behind (as our past experiences do)
Self

13. Development of the Personality
Determined by what we hope to be (future) as well as what we have been (past)
We develop and grow, regardless of age

14. Childhood to Young Adulthood
Ego develop in early childhood, in primitive way
Child’s personality at this age merely reflection of personalities of parents
Ego begin to form when the child is able to say “I”
Puberty is “psychic birth” – marked by difficulties and need to adapt. Childhood fantasies end and confronted with reality.
Primary attitude is extraversion – focus on external world and achievement (school, job)

15. Middle Age Major personality changes occur between age 35 and 40
Middle age as time of personal crisis. Inevitable and universal.
Patients reported feeling empty. Life had lost its meaning.
Typical 40 year old is established in career, marriage, and community. Why, when success has been achieved, that so many are feeling despair and worthlessness?

16. Middle Age (2)
Before 40 – preparatory activities of the external world. Now that they have everything – there’s nowhere for the energy. Second half of life must be devoted to inner world.
Shift from extraversion to introversion.
Interests shifted from physical materials to spiritual, philosophical, and intuitive
Individuation – process of actualizing the self, integrating unconscious with the conscious to attain a new level of positive psychological health

17. Questions about Human Nature
Past
Present
Nurture
Determinism
Nature
Free Will
Past or Present?
Both past and present
Free Will or Determinism?
Free will and spontaneity (from shadow)
Nature or Nurture?
Drive toward individuation is innate (nature) but can be helped with experience (nurture)

18. Questions about Human Nature
Uniqueness
Universality
Pessimism
Growth
Optimism
Equilibrium
Unique or Universal?
Unique only first half of life. Universal progress toward individuation in middle age
Equilibrium or Growth?
Grow and develop throughout all ages
Optimism or Pessimism?
Positive image of personality and human nature

19. Assessment in Jung’s Theory
Word Association Test
Symptom Analysis
Dream Analysis

20. Word Association Test
Measure time it took to respond and physical reactions to determine emotions

21. Symptom & Dream Analysis
Symptom analysis – focus on symptoms reported by patients and try to interpret patient’s free association to those symptoms
Dream analysis – interpretation of dream to uncover unconscious conflicts
Dreams are the path that we can see the unconscious
Look at recurring themes, issues, and problems as communicated by the subconscious

22. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
An assessment test created based on Jung’s psychological types
A self-report inventory that is very popular today
Of all corporations in the Fortune 100, 89 companies use MBTI for hiring and promotion decision

23. Jung’s Personality Type
According to Jung’s theory of psychological types, people can be characterized by
Their preference of general attitude: Extraverted (E) or Introverted (I)
Their preference of functions of perception: Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Their preference of functions of judging: Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
These area of preferences are dichotomies with one function (of each) dominant.

24. Extraversion vs Introversion
Extraverted (E) – attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward the external world and other people
Open, sociable, socially assertive, oriented toward others and external world
Introverted (I) – attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward one’s own thoughts and feelings
Withdrawn, shy, focus on self-thoughts-feelings
Capacity for BOTH, but you have to determine which one is dominant

25. Sensing vs. Intuition
Sensing (S) – produce experience through the senses the way a photograph copies an object
Intuition (I) – does not arise from external stimulus
Question: If you sit in a dark room and feel a presence of someone else in the room (even though you cannot see), you are using ________ (sensing/intuition)?

26. Thinking vs. Feeling
The way we organize, categorize, and making evaluations about our experiences
Thinking (T) – conscious judgment of whether an experience is true or false
Feeling (F) – dislike, pleasantness or unpleasantness, stimulated or dull

27. The 16 personality types