1. BRITISH MONARCHS Л. Ю. Галкина Кемерово 2011
Рекомендовано УМК специальности «Перевод и переводоведение» для использования в учебном процессе
Кемерово 2011

2. Рецензенты: Зникина Л. С. – проф. зав
Рецензенты: Зникина Л.С. – проф. зав. кафедрой иностранных языков, председатель учебно-методической комиссии специальности «Перевод и переводоведение» Галкина Людмила Юрьевна. British Monarchs Британские монархи : материалы к лекциям по дисциплине История и культура стран изучаемого языка [Электронный ресурс] : для студентов очной формы обучения специальности «Перевод и переводоведение» / Л. Ю. Галкина. – Электрон. дан. – Кемерово : ГУ КузГТУ, – 1 электрон. опт. диск (CD-ROM) ; зв. ; цв. ; 12 см. – Систем. требования : Pentium IV ; ОЗУ 8 Мб ; Windows 2003 ; (CD-ROM-дисковод) ; мышь. – Загл. с экрана.
Предлагаемые учебные материалы включают 54 слайда. Дается исторический экскурс (в хронологической последовательности) королевских династий Британии, начиная с первых английских королей.

3. There have been 12 monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (the Monarchy of the United Kingdom). The Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707 with the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which had been in personal union under the House of Stuart since 24 March On 1 January 1801 Great Britain merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After most of Ireland left the union on 6 December 1922, on 12 April 1927 its name was amended to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

4. THE ANGLO-SAXON KINGS
Anglo-Saxon monarchs were the rulers of the various kingdoms which arose in England following the withdrawal of the Romans in the fifth century. The most prominent kingdoms were Kent, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia and Bernicia, each recognising their own monarch. After a considerable period of time and fluctuations in power balance, Alphred the Great of Wessex was recognised by the other kingdoms as the premier English king.
Because Alfred the Great unified most of the various English kingdoms under one rule, the English monarchy traditionally begins with him. However, the House of Wessex, from which Alfred hailed and which served as the nucleus of the future kingdom, is sometimes considered the first royal house, with Egbert of Wessex regarded as "the first king of all England".

5. Alfred the Great ( )

6. Athelstan ( )
Edward the Elder ( )

7. E(a)dred ( )
Edmund I ( )

8. Eadwig / Edwy the Fair (955 - 959)
Edgar the Peaceful ( )

9. Aethelred ( )
Edward the Martyr ( )

10. Canute( )
Edmund II (1016)

11. Harold Harefoot ( )
Hardecanute ( )

12. Harold II (1066)
Edward the Confessor ( )

13. William the Conqueror (1066 - 1087)
THE NORMAN KINGS
William the Conqueror ( )

14. William II Rufus ( )
Stephen ( )

15. THE PLANTAGENETS
The House of Plantagenet, also, House of Plantagenêt (pronounced /plæn'tædʒinit/), was a royal house founded by Geoffrey V of Anjou, father of Henry II of England. Plantagenet kings first ruled the Kingdom of England in the 12th century. Their paternal ancestors originated in the French province of Gâtinais and gained the County of Anjou through marriage during the 11th century. The dynasty accumulated several other holdings, building the Angevin Empire which at its peak stretched from the Pyrenees to Ireland and the border with Scotland.

16. The name Plantagenet has origins as a nickname of Geoffrey of Anjou derived from the name of a shrub, the common broom, known in Latin as the Planta genista. It is claimed the nickname arose because Geoffrey of Anjou wore a sprig of the common broom in his hat. The significance has been said to relate to its golden flower and contemporary belief in its vegetative soul.
The name Plantagenet has origins as a nickname of Geoffrey of Anjou derived from the name of a shrub, the common broom, known in Latin as the Planta genista. It is claimed the nickname arose because Geoffrey of Anjou wore a sprig of the common broom in his hat. The significance has been said to relate to its golden flower and contemporary belief in its vegetative soul.

17. In total, fifteen Plantagenet monarchs ruled England from 1154 until The initial branch ruled from Henry II of England until the deposition of Richard II of England in After that, a junior branch, the House of Lancaster, ruled for some fifty years, before clashing with another branch, the House of York, in a civil war known as the Wars of Roses over control of England. After three ruling Lancastrian monarchs, the crown passed to three Yorkist monarchs, the last of whom, Richard III, was killed in battle during 1485.
A distinctive English culture and art emerged during the Plantagenet era, encouraged by some of the monarchs who were patrons of the "father of English poetry", Geoffrey Chaucer. The Gothic architecture style was popular during the time, with buildings such as Westminster Abbey and York Minster remodeled in that style.

18. There were also lasting developments in the social sector, such as John of England's sealing of the Magna Carta. This was influential in the development of common law and constitutional law. Political institutions such as the Parliament of England and the Model Parliament originate from the Plantagenet period, as do educational institutions including the universities of Cambridge and Oxford.
The eventful political climate of the day saw the Hundred Years’ War, where the Plantagenets battled with the House of Valois for control of the Kingdom of France. Some of the Plantagenet kings were renowned as warriors: Henry V of England left his mark with a famous victory against larger numbers at the Battle of Agincourt, while Richard the Lionheart had earlier distinguished himself in the Third Crusade; he was later romanticised as an iconic figure in English folklore.

19. Henry II ( )

20. Richard I the Lionheart (1189 - 1199)

21. John Lackland ( )
Henry III ( )

22. Edward I ‘Longshanks’ (1272 - 1307)
Edward II ( )

23. Richard II ( )
Edward III ( )

24. THE LANCASTRIANS Lancashire rose
The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century. The family provided England with three kings: Henry IV of England, who ruled 1399–1413; Henry V of England, who ruled 1413–1422; and Henry VI of England and (II of) France, who ruled 1422–1461 and 1470–1471.
The founder of the House of Lancastrian was John Gaunt (1362).
Lancashire rose

25. Henry IV ( )
Henry V ( )

26. Henry VI ( )

27. THE YORKISTS
The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three members of which became English kings in the late 15th century. The House of York was descended in the paternal line from Edmund of Langley (1385), the fourth surviving son of Edward III, but also represented Edward's senior line, being maternal descendants of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son, and based on these descents they claimed the English crown. Compared with the House of Lancaster, it had a senior claim to the throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture but junior claim according to the agnatic primogeniture.
Yorkshire rose

28. Edward IV ( )
Edward V (1485)

29. Richard III ( )

30. THE TUDORS
The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship and Kingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until The Tudor family rose to power in the wake of the Wars of the Roses, which left the House of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extirpated.
Henry Tudor was able to establish himself as a candidate not only of the traditional Lancastrian supporters, but of discontented supporters of the rival House of York, and rose to capture the throne in battle, becoming Henry VII. His victory was reinforced by his marriage to Elizabeth of York, symbolically uniting the former warring factions under a new dynasty.

31. The Tudors extended their power beyond modern England, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542, (Laws in Wales Acts ); and successfully asserting English authority over the Kingdom of Ireland. They also maintained the traditional (i.e. nominal) claims to the Kingdom of France, but none of them tried to make substance of it, though Henry VIII fought wars with France to try and reclaim that title. After him, his daughter Mary I lost the claim on France forever with the Fall of Calais.
In total, five Tudor monarchs ruled their domains for just over a century. The Tudor line failed in 1603 with the death of Elizabeth I of England.
The Tudor rose

32. Henry VII ( )
Henry VIII ( )

33. Edward VI ( )
Henry VIII and his wives

34. Mary I / Bloody Mary ( )
Elizabeth I ( )

35. THE STUARTS
The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart, is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century. The dynasty inherited further territory by the 17th century which covered the entire British Isles, including the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland, also upholding a claim to the Kingdom of France.
In total, nine Stewart monarchs ruled just Scotland from 1371 until There were six Stuart monarchs who ruled both England and Scotland as well as Ireland (although the Stuart era was interrupted by an interregnum lasting from 1649–1660, as a result of the English Civil War). Additionally at the foundation of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Acts of Union, which politically united England and Scotland, the first monarch was Anne of Great Britain. After her death, all the holdings passed to the House of Hanover, under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701.

36. Armorial of the Stuart monarch
The Stuarts were known for sponsoring exponents of the Northern Renaissance such as poet Robert Henryson. After they gained control of all of Great Britain, the arts and sciences continued to develop; William Shakespeare's best known plays were authored during the Jacobian era, while institutions such as the Royal Society and Royal Mail were established during the reign of Charles II.
Armorial of the Stuart monarch

37. James I ( )
James VI & I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July On 24 March 1603, he also became King of England and Ireland as James I when he inherited the English crown and thereby united the Crowns of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England (each country remained legally separate, with their own Parliaments, judiciary, coinage etc., though both ruled by James).

38. Charles I ( )

39. Commonwealth and Protectorate
Richard Cromwell (3 Sep. – 7 May 1659)
Oliver Cromwell ( ) 

40. Charles II ( )
James II ( )

41. Mary II ( )
William III ( )

42. Anne
( )

43. THE HANOVERIANS
The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Braunschweig-Lüneburg), the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901.
Queen Victoria was the granddaughter of George III, and was an ancestor of most major European royal houses. She arranged marriages for her children and grandchildren across the continent, tying Europe together; this earned her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover; her son King Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father, Prince Albert.
The dynasty provided seven British monarchs.

44. George II ( )
George I ( )

45. George III ( )
George IV ( )

46. William IV ( )

47. House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is a German dynasty, the senior line of the Saxon House of Wettin that ruled the Ernestine duchies, including the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. It is also the royal house of several European monarchies, and branches currently reign in Belgium through the descendants of Leopold I, and in the Commonwealth realms through the descendants of Prince Albert.
Due to anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom during World War I, George V of the United Kingdom changed the name of his branch from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor in The same happened in Belgium where it was changed to "van België" (Dutch) or "de Belgique" (French).

48. Edward VII ( )
Victoria ( )

49. The House of Windsor
The House of Windsor is the current royal house of the Commonwealth realms. It is a branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which adopted the English name Windsor by a royal proclamation on the 17 July The new name had absolutely no connection other than as the name of the castle which was and continues to be a royal residence.
The most prominent member of the House of Windsor is Elizabeth II, the reigning monarch over the Commonwealth realms. However, the head of the House of Windsor (cadet branch of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha) is Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, as the senior male-line descendant of King George V, who founded the house by changing its name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor.
Since 1949, the head of the House of Windsor is also Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, comprising most (but not all) parts of the former British Empire and some states that were never part of it.

50. George V ( )
Edward VIII (1936)

51. Personal flag of the Queen
Elizabeth II (1952-)
Personal flag of the Queen
George VI ( )

52. The Royal Family
The Queen is supported in her official duties by other working members of the Royal Family who carry out a wide range of public engagements.
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, (coronation portrait, June 1953).

53. Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh
(born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark; 10 June 1921) is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II.
Anne, Princess Royal
Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950) is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

54. The Prince of Wales The Duke of York (2007)
Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960), is the second son and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
The Prince of Wales
Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales, (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II. He is first in line to the British Throne.

55. Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex,
Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the third son and fourth child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
Prince William of Wales (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and grandson of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is second in line to the British Throne.
Prince Harry (born 15 September 1984) is the younger son of the Prince of Wales and the late Diana, Princess of Wales. He is third in line to the British Throne.