1. Unit 8: Intelligence (Cognition)
WHS AP Psychology
Unit 8: Intelligence (Cognition)
Essential Task 8-2: Compare and contrast historic and contemporary theories of intelligence with specific attention to general intelligence, triarchic theory, crystallized/fluid intelligence, multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence. 
Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B= Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184
Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

2. Intelligence IQ Tests Special Topics Theories We are here
Mental Retardation
Savants
General Intelligence
Influences
Giftedness
Triarchic Theory
Special Topics
Theories
Intelligence
Multiple Intelligences
Stanford-Binet
Emotional Intelligence
IQ Tests
Psychometrics
WISC/
WAIS
Crystallized and Fluid intelligence
Culture Fair
Standardization
Reliability
Validity

3. Essential Task 8-2: General intelligence Triarchic theory
Outline
General intelligence
Triarchic theory
Crystallized vs. fluid intelligence
Multiple intelligences
Emotional intelligence

4. General Intelligence Theorist: Charles Spearman (1904)
Also called g factor
According to Spearman, this g factor was responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests.

5. General Intelligence
How did he prove it? Spearman used factor analysis to find correlations among tests of different cognitive tasks.
Technical definition: The g factor is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the fact that an individual's performance at one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to his or her performance at other kinds of cognitive tasks.
Huh? If you are good at intelligent you will be good at many things.

6. Triarchic theory Theorirst – Robert J. Sternberg (1985)
More of a cognitive look at intelligence rather than a psychometric focus.
Sternberg’s theory of intelligence is made up of three parts
Analytic
Creative
Practical

7. Triarchic Theory: Analytic
Academic problem solving skills
similar to the standard psychometric definition of intelligence e.g. as measured by Academic problem solving: analogies and puzzles, and corresponds to his earlier componential intelligence.
Sternberg considers this reflects how an individual relates to his internal world.

8. Triarchic Theory: Creative
insights, synthesis and the ability to react to novel situations and stimuli.
Sternberg considers this the Experiential aspect of intelligence and reflects how an individual connects the internal world to external reality.

9. Triarchic Theory: Practical Intelligence
(a) adaptation to the environment in order to have goals met
(b) changing the environment in order to have goals met
(c) or, if (a) and (b) don't work moving to a new environment In which goals can be met
 People with this type of intelligence can adapt to, or shape their environment.

10. Crystallized vs. Fluid Intelligence
Theorist: R. B. Cattell (1971)
Identified two clusters of mental abilities
Crystallized intelligence one’s lifetime of intellectual achievement, as demonstrated largely through one's vocabulary and general knowledge
Fluid intelligence the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.
Crystalized intelligence increases with age while fluid intelligence decreases in old age.

11. Multiple Intelligences
Theorist: Howard Gardner – 1980s
the extent to which humans possess different kinds of minds and therefore learn, remember, perform, and understand in different ways,“
9 Intelligences

12. Multiple Intelligences
1. Naturalist Intelligence (“Nature Smart”)
2. Musical Intelligence (“Musical Smart”)
3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (Number/Reasoning Smart)
4. Existential Intelligence (Phil Smart)
5. Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart”)
6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“Body Smart”)
7. Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart)
8. Intra-personal Intelligence (Self Smart”)
9. Spatial Intelligence (“Picture Smart”)

14. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
1990 – Salovey & Mayer coin term “emotional intelligence
“it is an intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action.”
Daniel Goleman publishes “Emotional Intelligence.”

15. GOLMAN’S THEORY THE BRAIN HAS EMOTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Limbic structures generate feelings & emotions
Reptilian brain downshift
as the amygdala performs
“neural hijacking”

16. COMPONENTS OF E.I. Self-Awareness Self-Management or trustworthiness
Motivation or resilience
Empathy or recognizing emotions in others
Social skills or handling relationships

17. COMPONENTS OF E. I. FIRST THREE ARE PERSONAL LAST TWO ARE SOCIAL
SELF-AWARENESS
SELF-REGULATION
MOTIVATION
LAST TWO ARE SOCIAL
EMPATHY
SOCIAL SKILL

18. SELF-AWARENESS
“THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND UNDERSTAND YOUR MOODS, EMOTIONS, AND DRIVES, AS WELL AS THEIR EFFECTS ON OTHERS
Do I know how I’m
coming off in this
situation?

19. SELF-REGULATION
“THE ABILITY TO CONTROL OR REDIRECT DISRUPTING IMPULSES AND MOODS OR THE ABILITY TO SUSPEND JUDGMENT TO THINK BEFORE ACTING.”
Can I stop the
R brain downshifting?

20. SELF-REGULATION ABILITY TO RELAX ABILITY TO MANAGE STRESS
ABILITY TO CONTROL MOODS
ABILITY TO RECOVER FROM EMOTIONAL UPSET MORE QUICKLY
ABILITY TO EMPLOY THE 6 SECOND PAUSE

21. SELF-REGULATION PEOPLE WHO SELF-REGULATE
CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE OF TRUST AND FAIRNESS
REDUCE EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY IN ENVIRONMENT

22. MOTIVATION
“A PASSION TO WORK FOR REASONS THAT GO BEYOND MONEY OR STATUS”
JOB CAPABILITIES
Achievement drive
Commitment
Initiative
Optimism

24. EMPATHY
“THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE EMOTIONAL MAKE-UP OF OTHER PEOPLE.”

25. EMPATHY ABILITY TO TAKE OTHER’S PERSPECTIVE CARING ATTITUDE
CAN BETTER READ VERBAL & NONVERBAL CUES
ATTUNED TO NEEDS & EMOTIONS OF OTHERS

26. EMPATHY EMPATHY BUILDS ON SELF-AWARENESS.
THE MORE OPEN WE ARE TO OUR OWN EMOTIONS, THE MORE SKILLED WE ARE IN READING OTHERS’ EMOTIONS

27. SOCIAL SKILLS
“PROFICIENCY IN MANAGING RELATIONSHIPS AND BUILDING NETWORKS.”
Using your empathetic knowledge

28. ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
Work Profile Questionnaire—EI Version
Emotional Competence Inventory 360
Emotional Intelligence Appraisal
BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso-EI Test